Memory Basics
Sensory & Working Memory
Long-Term Memory
Encoding & Retrieval
Errors, Forgetting, & Distortion
100

These are the three basic processes of memory.

What are encoding, storage, and retrieval?

100

This type of memory only holds information for fraction of a second.

What is sensory memory?

100

The memory system that stores information for long periods — possibly indefinitely.

What is long-term memory (LTM)?

100

When a person repeats information to keep it in short-term memory.

What is maintenance rehearsal?

100

This is the term for memory loss over time.

What is decay?
200

_______ is transforming information into a form the brain can store, while _______ is accessing stored information.

What are encoding and retrieval?

200
Most people can hold this many numbers in their short-term memory.

What is 7? (can be plus or minus 2)

200

These are the two main types of long-term memory.

What are explicit (declarative) and implicit (nondeclarative) memory?

200

This is the failure to process information into memory.

What is an encoding failure?
200

The inability to recall past events due to brain trauma, especially from before an injury.

What is retrograde amnesia?

300

The mental system for receiving, encoding, storing, and retrieving information.

What is memory?

300

When a person groups information into larger units to increase STM capacity.

What is chunking?

300

This is the process of moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory.

What is encoding?

300

______ requires retrieving without cues, while ______ involves identifying info from choices.

What is recall versus recognition?

300

This is when newly learned information interferes with the recall of previously learned material.

What is retroactive interference?

400

This model compares the brain to a computer’s flow of information.

What is the Information-Processing Model?

400

This is the part of working memory that stores and manipulates visual and spatial information.

What is the visuospatial sketchpad?

400

This brain structure is critical for the formation of new long-term declarative memories.

What is the hippocampus?

400

These are the two parts of the serial position effect.

What are the primacy effect and recency effect?

400

This leading memory researcher demonstrated how easily false memories could be implanted, particularly in eyewitness testimony.

Who is Dr. Elizabeth Loftus?

500

This phenomenon happens when you can't quite recall a word but feel that you know it.

What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

500

This component of Baddeley’s model stores verbal and auditory information.

What is the phonological loop?

500

This psychological effect makes it easier to remember the beginning and end of a list, but not the middle.

What is the serial position effect?

500

This is the unintentional reactivation of an old memory triggered by a smell, sound, or sight.

What is a retrieval cue?

500

This term describes the rapid initial loss of information if it’s not rehearsed or encoded properly.

What is the forgetting curve?