Memory
The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Memory
Two types of memory that use unconscious and conscious retrieval
Explicit, Implicit
actively processing incoming auditory and visual information while working to link it with previously stored information
Working Memory
Hippocampus - save button
Frontal lobes - stores semantic and episodic
when a memory has been corrupted by misleading information
Misinformation Effect
3 step process of forming memories
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
Implicit memories include
space, time, frequency, classically conditioned associations, motor skills
organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
Chunking
Parts of brain associated with Implicit memories and how?
Cerebellum - classically conditioned associations
Basal Ganglia - Motor Functions
faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned
Source Amnesia
Sensory memory, short term memory (working memory), Long term memory
memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Mnemonics
Explain the 3 ways we retrieve information.
Recall
Recognition
Relearning
A defense mechanism that banishes anxious thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.
Repression/motivated forgetting
unconscious encoding of everyday information, such as space, time, and frequency
Automatic Processing
Explicit Memories of personal events
episodic memories
the tendency for studying or practicing over time to yield better long-term retention rather than through cramming
Spacing Effect
any stimulus linked to a specific memory
Retrieval Cue
the forward-acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information;
Example: you keep putting your old email password in and keep forgetting your new password.
Proactive Interference
encoding memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously retrieve
Effortful processing
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Flashbulb memory
helping memory through retrieving information, rather than simply rereading
Testing Effect
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
Mood-congruent memory
the backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information.
Example: A remix of a song comes on the radio and you can't remember the original song lyrics.
Retroactive Interference