The Basics
This is defined as “learning that persists.”
Memory
This psychologist is known for the forgetting curve.
Herman Ebbinghaus
This type of processing focuses on meaning and leads to better memory.
Deep processing
This stage of memory lasts only about a second and holds raw input.
Sensory memory
Forgetting because you never paid attention in the first place.
Encoding failure
These are the three basic processes of memory.
(You must list them in order)
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
This shows that memory declines rapidly after learning.
Forgetting curve
This type of processing focuses on surface features like color or sound.
Shallow processing
This memory system lasts about 15–30 seconds and acts as a mental workspace.
Short-term (working) memory
Forgetting that occurs because memories fade over time.
Storage decay
This memory process involves taking in information.
Encoding
Studying over multiple days instead of cramming is called this.
Spacing effect
A student remembers information better because they took the test in the same classroom they learned it in.
Context-dependent memory
Remembering your first day of school is this type of memory.
(Need both parts of answer for points...)
Explicit -> Episodic
You know the answer but can’t quite retrieve it (“tip of the tongue”).
Retrieval failure
This type of memory task is easier because it provides cues
Recognition
Taking practice tests instead of rereading notes is known as this.
Testing effect
A student studies while tired and recalls information better when tired again.
State-dependent memory
Knowing that 2+2=4 is this type of memory.
(Need both parts of answer for points...)
Explicit -> Semantic
Calling your new teacher by your old teacher’s name is this.
Proactive interference
A student can identify their teacher in a lineup but cannot describe them from memory. Explain why.
(You need the two terms in your answer for points)
Recognition is easier than recall because it provides you with cues.
A student connects new vocabulary words to personal experiences to remember them better.
Self-reference effect
A person recalls information better when they are in the same emotional state they were in when learning it.
Mood-congruent memory
Riding a bike without thinking about it uses this type of memory.
(Need both parts of answer for points...)
Implicit -> Procedural
After hearing different details about an event, a person remembers it incorrectly.
Misinformation effect