Semantic Memory
What is spreading activation?
When a memory is retrieved, related memories are activated.
What is the generation effect?
Generating your own answers or examples improves memory.
What is neurogenesis and where does it occur?
Growth of new neurons; hippocampus.
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
When you know a word but can't retrieve it.
What is proactive interference?
When older memories interfere with newer memories.
Modality-specific regions of the brain correspond to what part of the hub-and-spoke model?
Spokes
What is the dual-coding hypothesis?
Imaginable words are encoded both verbally and through sensation, resulting in a stronger memory.
This type of retrieval does not rely on the frontal lobe.
Recognition
What term explains why it's easier to recall information you learned while high if you are high during retrieval.
State-dependent memory
What is reconsolidation?
When memories are retrieved they enter a fragile state and are then consolidated again.
What disorder is characterized by a degeneration of the "hub" in the hub and spoke model?
Semantic dementia
What does cortical reinstatement mean?
When we retrieve a memory, regions representing information in that memory are activated.
This part of the brain is important for integrating new information into existing information.
Ventromedial PFC
What is encoding specificity?
When the context matches between encoding and retrieval, that context can serve as a retrieval cue.
What is a counterpoint to trace decay as a primary form of forgetting?
What does the hub represent in the hub-and-spokes model (not what brain region).
General representation of a concept
What types of memories seem to rely on structures surrounding the hippocampus (i.e., the ones that were also removed for HM)?
Familiarity and semantic memory
What part of the brain is more active when inhibiting retrieval of competitors (i.e., inhibiting saying banana instead of orange when prompted to say a fruit).
What does reconstructive memory refer to?
When we piece a memory together, sometimes filling in blanks with schemas.
What is retrieval-induced forgetting?
Retrieving one memories impairs memories for un-retrieved but related memories.
Stimulating the ___________ with tDCS would result in improved semantic memory.
Anterior temporal pole
How does systems consolidation work?
The hippocampus coordinates activity in cortex, helping bind regions together. Then it likely becomes less involved over time, resulting in a memory trace just in cortical connections.
A lesion here would result in a loss of familiarity.
Perirhinal cortex
What aspect of recognition relies on attentional processes?
Recollection
What causes retrieval-induced forgetting (the answer is not retrieval).
During retrieval we inhibitor competitor memories, which weakens our ability to recall these later.