Memory I
Memory that holds a few items (+/- 7 items) for roughly 30 seconds.
What is short-term memory?
The Information-Processing Model compares memory to a computer. The stages of this model are encoding, ________, and retrieval.
What is storage?
A step-by-step process that guarantees a solution (but is very time-consuming).
What is an algorithm?
A sudden and often novel realization of a solution to a problem (A-ha moment).
What is insight?
This child was found after living in isolation for thirteen years.
Who is Genie?
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment (like 9/11).
What is a flashbulb memory?
The tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than the middle.
What is the serial position effect (or primacy-recency effect)?
This type of problem solving/thinking narrows the available solutions to a problem to the single best solution.
What is convergent thinking?
What is overconfidence?
The smallest distinctive sound in a language. English has about 44.
The tendency to retain information better if we study in multiple sessions over time rather than studying in one long session.
What is the spacing effect?
Sensory memory of a visual stimuli.
What is iconic memory?
How an issue is presented can affect decisions and/or judgements.
Ex.:
90% survival rate v. 1 in 10 people die
What is framing?
A thinking strategy that allows us to make quick judgments and solve problems. It is prone to errors.
What are heuristics?
The impairment of language. This is usually caused by damage to the Broca's Area or Wernicke's Area.
What is Aphasia?
The theory that states forgetting happens rapidly following new learning, then levels off with time.
What is Ebbinghaus' Forgetting Curve?
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.
What is retroactive interference?
This shortcut to problem-solving may make it hard to believe that the young man with facial piercings and a teardrop tattoo is your new guidance counselor.
What is representativeness heuristic?
Tina noticed a loose nail on her deck. She spent half an hour searching for a hammer, but failed to realize she could use a nearby rock to hammer the nail. This represents ___________.
What is functional fixedness?
This linguist believed that all languages share a "universal grammar" and human brains are equipped with a "language acquisition device".
Who is Noam Chomsky?
A persistent strengthening of synapses based on patterns of activity. This leads to long-lasting increases in communication between two neurons.
What is long-term potentiation?
A type of amnesia that describes a person who cannot form new memories after the event that caused amnesia.
What is anterograde amnesia?
A mental image or best example of a category.
What is a prototype?
Stannis believes the earth is flat and actively seeks out information that supports his view.
What is confirmation bias?
Benjamin Whorf's theory that language controls thought.
What is linguistic determinism?