Encoding
What is the definition of Encoding
The process of getting information into the brain
What are the three stages of memory involved in memory storage?
Sensory memory, Short-term memory, and Long-term memory
How long is information typically held in the sensory memory?
A fraction of a second to 4 seconds
What do most psychologists call our short - term memory today?
Working memory
What is the process called where memories are called out of the long term memory
Retrieval
What must we do for information to be effectively encoded?
Pay attention!
Describe how to retrieve a memory from your long term that was not stored properly
Ya don't
What type of stimuli does the Sensory memory interpret?
Sensory stimuli, such as hearing, smell, taste, ect..
What is the number of items that our short term memory can typically hold?
7 (+-2) bits of information
What do most psychologists who study memory say about the storage capacity of our long term memory?
That our long term is effectively limitless in its storage
Why is repetition not an effective way to encode information?
Repetition simply fills our up our short - term memory, forcing forgetting
What are the three ways that help us retrieve memories?
Context Cues, Retrieval Cues, State Dependent Learning
Sight
How long does our short term memory typically hold onto information for?
20 to 30 seconds
What do we know about how our brain stores memories in long term memory that makes them susceptible to the misinformation effect?
Our brain does not store everything related to a memory. Therefore it will fill in the gaps, which can be manipulated.
What is surface processing? And how do we fix it?
The process of understanding information at a shallow level. We deep process.
What are the two identified phenomenon that prevent us from recalling information effectively?
Proactive and Retroactive Interference
What part of sensory memory lasts up to 4 seconds
What is the process called in which we trick our short term memory into holding more information?
Chunking
Describe the process of how we forget information that was stored into our long term memory
We can experience interference as well as suffer memory decay, due to the carbon based molecules that make up our body structures.
What are three processes we can use everyday to encode information say for a psychology test?
Visual imagery, Elaboration, and Mnemonic Devices
Describe retrieval failure
The process of attempting to recall a stored memory, however some sort of interference or decay impact the recall process
We describe our sensory memory as a funnel. What happens to all of that information that is taken in?
The little information that is paid attention to gets sent to our short term. While the rest is forgotten
In cases of severe Amnesia. The short term memory can be completely eliminated. What is the impact of this?
Older memories will be able to be recalled, but no new information can ever be stored in the brain
How is information transferred into the long term memory?
1.Pay attention
2.Chunk the information
3.Reflect and connect to the information