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Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Research
Vocabulary
100
retention that requires attention vs encoding of incidental information
What is effortful processing vs automatic processing
100
7 +/- 2
What is the magic number of items you can store in short-term memory
100
Deja vu
What are Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
100
Created the 3 stage model of memory
What is Atkinson and Shiffrin
100
the process of getting information out of memory storage
What is retrieval
200
processes external stimulation for important details
What is short term memory
200
processes external stimulation for important details
What is short term memory
200
"An emotion is like a library room in which we place memory records. We best retrieve those records by returning to that emotional room.”
What is state-dependent memory
200
flashes letters for less than a lightning-strike time lapse. Subjects cannot recall all letters, but when a tone is played indicating which line they are able to recall
What is Sperling (1960)
200
Focuses on the meaning of an item and involves forming associations between old and new information, with an effort on making elaborate connections with existing knowledge
What is deep processing
300
the 3 types of encoding
What are visual, acoustic, semantic
300
pictures, sound, smell, taste. External information first processed
What is sensory memory
300
Proactive interference vs retroactive interference
What is the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information vs the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
300
Discovered spacing effect and storage decay rates
What is Hermann Ebbinghaus
300
An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation
What is long term potentiation
400
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
What is serial position effect
400
Declarative memory: _____________ Non-declarative memory: ________________
What is explicit and implicit memory
400
Imaginary event -> familiar -> real
What is imagination inflation
400
Determined that memory is not stored in any particular place in the brain
What is Karl Lashley (1950)
400
attributing to the wrong source an event that we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined
What is source amnesia
500
placing chunks of information in to groups composed of broad concepts divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts
What are hierarchies
500
An exact representation is captured for less than a second but only pieces of the representation process to the next step, storage A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere , sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
What is iconic memory and acoustic memory
500
Schacter's 7 Sins
What is Forgetting: absent-mindedness, transience, blocking; Distortion: misattribution, suggestibility, bias; and Intrusion: persistence.
500
Made major contributions to the study of eyewitness testimony and termed Misinformation effect: _______________.
Who is Elizabeth Loftus and incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event
500
Name 3 ways to improve memory
What is imagery, mneumonics, spacing effect