Vocabulary
Having 2 of the same alleles AA or aa
Is homozygous
What is the principle of dominance?
some alleles are dominant and some are recessive
Brown (B) is dominant fur over silver-blue fur (b) in minks. If a homozygous brown mink is mated with a silver-blue mink, and 10 offspring are produced, how many will be expected to be silver-blue? Why?
0 because in order to be silver-blue, two b alleles have to be inherited.
Father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
In his experiments, Mendel used this type of plant to study inheritance patterns.
Pea plants
Part of DNA that codes for a protein, factor passed from parent to offspring.
A gene
What is the principle of segregation?
Alleles separate during meiosis, offspring will inherit one allele for each trait from each parent
A heterozygous tall plant is allowed to self-pollinate. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? What percent are expected to be tall? What percent are expected to be short?
The genotypes of the offspring are TT, Tt, tt. 75% tall 25% short
Mendel used pea plants to study ______ of traits.
inheritance
What are the gametes of humans
sperms and eggs
An inheritable characteristic
A trait
What is independent assortment?
genes on different chromosomes will most likely be randomly distributed during meiosis
What are the allele combinations of the gametes produced by an individual with a genotype, AaBb?
AB Ab aB ab
This is the version of a gene that is hidden when a dominant allele is present.
Recessive
The actual genes of an organism such as PP, Pp, or pp
Genotype
Purple (P) white (p) A pure-breeding purple is cross-pollinated with a pure-breeding white? A. What phenotype will the offspring have? B. What genotype will the offspring have?
A. purple
B. Pp
If two heterozygous brown-eyed parents (Bb) have children, what is the probability their child will have blue eyes (bb)?
25%
The principles of ______ can be used to predict the traits of the offspring of a genetic cross.
Probability
The ________ __________ is used to show the results of a genetic cross, the genotypes of the offsprings and the alleles for each parent.
Punnett square
The outward expression of the genes such as purple or white flowers
Phenotype
In mice, white (W) is dominant over brown (w), how can 2 white mice produce a brown mouse? What are the genotypes of each parent? What is the genotype of the brown offspring?
Each white mouse is heterozygous (Ww). Ww x Wx The genotype of the brown offspring is ww.
How many squares would the Punnett square contain for a cross between AaBb x AaBb? What fraction will be aabb?
16 squares 1/16
A diagram that shows possible genetic outcomes from a cross of two parents.
Punnett Square
Organisms with different alleles for a particular trait are said to be _________________.
Heterozygous