Mental Disorders
Preoccupation with persistently intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as the performance of rituals or repetitive behaviors are signs of what mental disorder?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
What are Delusions?
A false belief that is held to be true by the individual, even when there is evidence of the contrary
What is the priority intervention for a patient with Alzheimer's Disease?
Assisting in ADLs and providing a safe environment
What is the medication of choice for Bipolar Disorder?
Lithium Carbonate
Fill in the blank
Lack of energy, reduced speech, Avolition, Anhedonia, Alogia, and social withdrawal are signs that are categorized as ______ symptoms of Schizophrenia
Negative
What is Schizophrenia?
A group of mental health problems characterized by psychotic features (hallucinations and delusions), disordered thought processes, and disrupted interpersonal relationships.
Name 3 of the 5 types of Hallucinations
Auditory, Gustatory, Olfactory, Tactile, Visual
Ask the client to describe the delusion, Be open and honest during interactions to reduce suspiciousness, Encourage the client to express feelings and focus on the feelings that the delusions generate, Focus the conversation on reality-based topics rather than the delusion
Name one of the three common medications used to treat the early and moderate stages of Dementia & Alzheimer's disease
Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine
When initiating in therapeutic conversation, how can you show you are actively listening?
Hint: Be a LOSER
L.O.S.E.R
1. Lean forward toward client
2. Open Posture
3. Sit squarely facing the client
4. Establish eye contact
5. Relax & listen
What is the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's disease?
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type and cause of dementia
Name one Negative Symptom and one Positive Symptom
Negative Symptoms: Blunted Affect (restricted expressions, movement, etc), Anhedonia, Avolition, Alogia
Positive Symptoms: Bizarre behavior, Delusions, Disorganized speech, Hallucinations
What is always the FIRST priority when dealing with a client having hallucinations?
Safety/Ensuring they aren't getting auditory commands to hurt themselves/others
Name two of the four types of medications that help treat patients with Schizophrenia
Antipsychotic, Antidepressants, Mood stabilizers, Benzodiazepines
What kind of person is someone who is categorized in Cluster B of the Personality Disorder types?
Dramatic/emotional:
Antisocial (Uncaring/Aggressive/Manipulative)
Histrionic (Seeks attention/flirtatious)
Narcisstic (Needs consistent applause/Egocentric)
Borderline (unstable/manipulative)
Name two of the four symptoms of Alzheimer's disease
Hint: The 4 A's of Alzheimer's Disease
Agnosia, Amnesia, Aphasia, Apraxia
Anorexia Nervosa
Other than signs and symptoms, what other information needs to be included in the data collection of a client with alcohol abuse?
The type of alcohol, how much, for how long, and the date and time it was consumed
What are the 4 types of antidepressants?
SSRI's, SNRI's, Tricyclics, MAOI's
Name the four phases of Schizophrenia
Pre-morbid, Prodromal, Schizophrenia (active), Residual
Answer this NCLEX-PN question
A client was admitted to a medical unit with acute blindness. Many tests are performed, and there seems to be no organic reason why this client became blind after witnessing a hit-and-run car crash in which a family of three was killed. The nurse suspects that the client may be experiencing which diagnosis?
A. Psychosis
B. Repression
C. Conversion disorder
D. Dissociative disorder
C. Conversion disorder
Answer this NCLEX-PN question
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of depression. The nurse monitors for signs of constipation and urinary retention, knowing that these problems are likely caused by which situation?
A. Poor dietary choices
B. Lack of exercise and poor diet
C. Inadequate dietary intake and dehydration
D. Psychomotor retardation and side effects of medication
D. Psychomotor retardation and side effects of medication
Answer this NCLEX-PN Question
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with catatonic stupor. The client is lying on the bed, with the body pulled into the fetal position. Which is the appropriate nursing intervention?
A. Ask direct questions to encourage talking.
B. Leave the client alone and intermittently check on them.
C. Sit beside the client in silence and verbalize occasional open-ended questions.
D. Take the client into the dayroom with other clients so they can help watch him.
C. Sit beside the client in silence and verbalize occasional open-ended questions.
Answer this NCLEX-PN question
A hospitalized client is prescribed phenelzine sulfate for the treatment of depression. The nurse reinforces instructions to the client and tells the client to avoid consuming which foods while taking this medication? (Select all that apply)
1. Figs
2. Yogurt
3. Crackers
4. Aged Cheese
5. Tossed Salad
6. Oatmeal cookies
Figs, Yogurt, Aged Cheese
How would you respond to a patient who is panicking because they claim to see spiders crawling around the walls and the floor?
Explain to them reality, but address their feelings
Example: "I don't see any spiders on the walls or floor, but I can see that you are afraid."