Chapter 18
A relatively enduring tendency to perceive situations as threatening and respond with anxiety;
Anxiety trait
In psychoanalytic theory, anxiety that serves as an internal warning of anticipated danger or conflict and activates protective responses or defense mechanisms.
Signal anxiety
A condition involving excessive or persistent fear, anxiety, or related behaviors that cause significant distress or interfere with daily functioning.
Anxiety disorder
A person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about their body, including its appearance, abilities, and functioning.
Body image
Assessing pain and using appropriate medication and nonmedication approaches to reduce discomfort and support functioning.
Pain management
Intense fear or anxiety about situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic-like or other incapacitating symptoms occur.
Agoraphobia
A sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes and includes symptoms such as a racing heart, shortness of breath, trembling, or fear of losing control.
Panic attack
Repeated skin picking that causes skin damage, involves unsuccessful efforts to stop, and produces significant distress or impairment.
Excoriation disorder
Emotional, physical, cognitive, or behavioral responses following trauma, such as fear, intrusive memories, sleep difficulties, or heightened alertness; it does not necessarily indicate PTSD.
Traumatic stress reaction
Preparing and coordinating the care, services, education, and support a person will need after leaving a health care facility.
Discharge planning
Usually unconscious psychological strategies that reduce anxiety and protect against distressing thoughts, feelings, or conflicts.
Defense mechanisms
Repetitive behaviors involving difficulty controlling participation and continuing despite harmful consequences.
Addictive behaviors
Actions taken to stay away from situations, thoughts, feelings, or reminders that cause fear or distress.
Avoidance behaviors
Repeated pulling out of one’s hair that causes hair loss, involves unsuccessful attempts to stop, and produces significant distress or impairment; also called hair-pulling disorder.
Trichotillomania
Physical, mental, and social well-being, rather than simply the absence of disease.
Health
A persistent, excessive fear of a particular object or situation that leads to avoidance or intense distress.
Phobia
Thoughts and behaviors used to manage stress and difficult situations; they may be helpful or harmful.
Coping mechanisms
A feeling of apprehension, worry, or uneasiness about a perceived threat or uncertain outcome, often accompanied by physical symptoms.
Anxiety
A temporary experience of anxiety in response to a particular situation or perceived threat;
Anxiety state
Social expectations associated with being ill, including temporary relief from some usual responsibilities and an expectation to seek help and participate in recovery.
Sick role
A repetitive behavior or mental act a person feels driven to perform, often to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared event.
Compulsion
Experiences in which a person feels or acts as though a past traumatic event is happening again.
Flashbacks
A recurrent, intrusive, unwanted thought, urge, or image that causes anxiety or distress.
Obsession
A defense mechanism involving difficulty acknowledging a distressing reality, such as illness or changes in physical functioning.
Admission to a hospital for assessment, treatment, monitoring, or other care.
Hospitalization
A person’s experience of feeling unwell and the effects of that experience on daily life.
Illness
A disruption in emotional balance caused by a stressful event, such as sudden illness or loss, that overwhelms a person’s usual coping abilities.
Situational crisis