Depression & Conditions involving alterations in Mood

Types of Depression Conditions

1

Another term for persistent depressive disorder is?

dysthymia

2

Symptoms are present for __________ in dysthymia

 at least 2 years

3

name three symptoms of dysthymia

•sleep disturbance

•Appetite disturbance

•Low energy/fatigue

•Low self esteem

•difficulty concentrating, Poor decision making

•Feeling hopeless

4

When an individual suffers from more than 1 major depressive disorder, it is called ___________. 

major depressive disorder, recurrent episode

5

According to a 2017 population study in Finland,what percent of the population suffers from experiencing dysthymia in the course of their lifetime ( the lifetime prevalence) 

2.5%

Conditions involving alterations in Mood

1

An acute but time limited period of intense and unusual elation is called:_________

manic episode

2

to meet criteria for a manic episode, an individual must have abnormally and persistent symptoms for at least__________ (how LONG?)

Is this shorter or longer than a hypomanic episode?

-distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood and increased activity or energy for at least 1 WEEK

Hypomania: symptom period lasting for up to 4 days

3

what are the 2 major categories of bipolar disorder?  which category requires the person has had 1 or more major depressive episodes AND at least 1 hypomanic episode

Bipolar 1: 1 or more manic episode and possibly 1 or more major depressive episode

Bipolar II: 1 or more major depressive episode and at least 1 hypomanic episode

4

Name 3 of the symptoms that must be present to a significant degree to met criteria for manic episode

-inflated self esteem-grandiose

-decreased need for sleep

-more talkative mood or pressure to keep talking

-flight of ideas, racing thoughts

-distractible

-increase goal directed activity, or psychomotor agitation

-excessive engagement in activities that have high potential for painful consequences (buying sprees, gambling or investments that don't make sense)

5

Listen and diagnose the individual in the following case study:

Cyclothymia: alterations between dysphoria and hypomanic episodes. 

The person has met criteria for a hypomanic episode many times over the span of at least 2 years AND experiences periods of depressive symptoms but never meets the criteria for a major depressive episode.

Person is NEVER without symptoms for more than 2 months

Biological perspectives

1

Which disorder has a stronger genetic inheritance, depressive disorder or bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorders

2

Abnormalities in connections with The _______lobe has been found in brain imagine studies among individuals with bipolar disorder

prefrontal lobe

3

Name two biochemical abnormalities associated with depressive disorders

serotonin

norepinephrine

4

SSRI stands for _______________

Give 2 examples

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor 

Examples: prozac, celexa, lexapro, paxil, zoloft

What are other biologically based treatments?

DBS:

ECT:

5

What is the traditional medication used in bipolar disorder? Name 2 reasons people don't take it?

Lithium carbonate

1) side effects include CNS disturbance, upset gastrointestinal, cardiac abnormalities.

2) interferes with euphoria, pleasure

can you think of other medications used to treat bipolar disorder?

Psychological perspectives

1

ACcording to psychodynamic theory, people with an _________attachment have a greater risk for developing a depressive disorder.

Insecure attachment

what is an insecure attachment?

2

In considering the cognitive approach to depression,

Beck defines depressive thoughts as the "cognitive triad".  What is the cognitive triad?

Negative view of Self, the world, the future

3

Explain behavioral activation in the treatment for depression

Behavioral activation: clinician helps the client identify activities associated with positive mood, sets small weekly goals for client to engage in these activities, sometimes placing additional reward structures in place for achievement of goals.

4

There are at least 7 types of thought distortions that a clinician will explain to a client with depression and engage in an activity called disputing an irrational thought distortion.  Name one type of thought distortion in depression, define it, and provide an example of it.

Overgeneralizing

Selective abstraction

taking excessive responsibility

assuming temporal causality

making excessive self-references

catastrophizing

dichotomous thinking

5

What does the evidence show is the best combination for treatment of depression?

1) never medication alone

2) not "talk therapy"

3) use of evidence based therapies include CBT, DBT, behavioral therapies

PLUS.... medications as needed