patho/definitions
Dysfunction in mental functioning related to:
•Thinking
•Emotions
Behaviors
mental illness
what are 5 signs & symptoms related to major depressive disorder (MDD)?
•Depressed mood (sad, hopeless, empty)
•Decreased pleasure in interests/activities
•Weight loss/weight gain
•Insomnia/Hypersomnia
•Psychomotor Agitation/Retardation
•Fatigue/loss of energy
•Feeling of worthlessness/guilt/delusional
•Inability to concentrate/think, indecisiveness
•Suicidal thoughts
what are some 3 risk factors for mental illness?
prenatal exposure to alcohol, family, social, environment, resilience, healthcare, water, safety, cultural beliefs
what are 3 nursing interventions related to major depressive disorder (MDD)?
- high calorie snacks, adequate fluids,
- get up during the day, low stimuli environment at night
- morning routines, good habits
what is the manual called that diagnoses mental illnesses based on criteria?
diagnostic & statistical manual, 5th ed (DSM-5)
Classified as a persistent depressed mood lasting for a minimum of 2 weeks
major depressive disorder (MDD)
what are the 4 types of symptoms associated with schizophrenia?
positive, negative, cognitive, & affective
what are 3 risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD)?
•Childhood Stress
•First-degree family members with MDD
•Female Gender
•Health Decline
•Season changes
•Loss of loved one
what are 3 nursing interventions related to suicide?
•Education
•Peer Support
•Medication
•Counseling
•ECT
•Additional treatment centers
•Recreational activities
what is the goal of therapeutic milieu?
Provide Safety and Manage Behavioral Crisis
Death caused by intentional self-inflicted injury by an individual
suicide
•Unstable
•Feeling of well-being
•Overly joyous
•Cheerfulness
•Talk in continuous stream
•Treat others with confidential friendliness
•Include everyone in their plans and activities
•Self-confidence boundless, this can change quickly to irritation and anger when frustrated
what drug class is used for the short-term treatment of anxiety?
benzodiazepines
what are 3 nursing interventions related to schizophrenia?
- Approach in a controlled, non-threatening manner
- Allow personal space/escape route
- Decrease environmental stimuli/modify the environment
- Allow expression of feelings
- Reassure that the nursing staff will protect from harming self or others.
- Offer medication in a calm, matter of fact matter
- Protect other patients.
what is the difference between a PEC & and CEC?
PEC : Issued after initial exam by any physician, psychologist or mental health nurse practitioner
Detained for 72 hours until second exam by the Coroner
CEC : Detained for up to 15 days or until no longer showing any symptoms
During a one-month period an individual presents with at least one of the following :
Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized speech, Grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior, Negative symptoms (diminished emotional expression)
schizophrenia
what are the signs & symptoms related to severe anxiety?
•Perceptual field greatly reduced
•Difficulty concentrating on environment
•Confused and automatic behavior
•Somatic symptoms increase
what drug is used for the treatment of long-term anxiety?
buspirone
what are 3 nursing interventions related to mild to moderate anxiety?
•Help to identify anxiety/ encourage to talk about feelings
•Use appropriate communication techniques
•Promotion of self-care activities
•Help to develop alternative solutions
•Relaxation exercises/hobbies
duloxetine and venlafaxine are in what drug class? and what are they used for?
SNRI's for major depressive disorder (MDD)
A feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread that results from a real or perceived threat
anxiety
what are the signs & symptoms of extrapyramidal related side effects?
- Acute dystonia (facial grimacing & involuntary muscle spasms)
- Akathisia (trouble sitting still)
- Pseudoparkinsonism (feet shuffling)
- Tardive Dyskinesia (involuntary movements of the body & extremities)
which 4 drug classes are used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD)?
•Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
•Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
•Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
•Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
what are 3 nursing interventions related to severe to panic anxiety?
Maintain appropriate COMMUNICATION
•Reinforce reality
•Set limits on behavior
•Maintain nutritional/fluid intake
•Promote PERSONAL HYGIENE/GROOMING
•Provide distraction activities
•Administer benzodiazepine as needed
what are the 3 elements to discuss related to the lethality of a suicide plan?
1. Is there a specific plan?
2. How lethal is the plan?
3. Does the individual have access to fulfill the plan?