anxiety Disorders
A Giant Panda Only Sings Songs Perfectly”
Agoraphobia
GAD
PTSD
OCD
Social Anxiety
Specific Phobias
Panic Disorder
agoraphobia Risk Factors:
Family history of anxiety, traumatic events, stressful life transitions, comorbid panic disorder.
Risk Factors for GAD :
Risk Factors: Family history, chronic stress, perfectionism, comorbid depression.
Risk Factors PTSD:
Risk Factors: Trauma exposure, combat, assault, disasters, lack of social support, prior psychiatric history.
Risk Factors for OCD
Risk Factors: Family history, childhood trauma, comorbid anxiety/depression.
Risk Factors for specific phobias
Risk Factors: Traumatic exposure to feared object, learned avoidance, family history.
Risk Factors for panic disorder
Risk Factors: Family history, major life stressors, history of childhood trauma, comorbid anxiety/depression.
Risk Factors of panic disorders
Risk Factors: Family history, major life stressors, history of childhood trauma, comorbid anxiety/depression.
Agoraphobia
Fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult or help unavailable (fear of open or crowded spaces)
symptoms of agoraphobia
Symptoms: Fear/avoidance of places where escape might be difficult, panic symptoms in public spaces, reliance on a “safe person.”
Panic attacks, avoidance of public places, dependence on others
Symptoms of GAD
Symptoms: Excessive, uncontrollable worry for >6 months, restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, poor concentration, sleep disturbance.
Symptoms of PTSD:
Intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, avoidance, emotional numbing.
Symptoms OCD:
Recurrent intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors/rituals (compulsions) to reduce anxiety.
Symptoms and special phobia
Symptoms: Intense fear of specific object/situation (animals, flying, heights), avoidance, panic response when exposed.
Symptoms of specific phobias
Intense fear of specific object/situation (animals, flying, heights), avoidance, panic response when exposed.
Symptoms of panic disorders
Symptoms: Recurrent unexpected panic attacks with chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, depersonalization, fear of dying. Persistent worry about future attacks.
General anxiety disorder
Excessive, uncontrollable worry about multiple areas of life for >6 months
Assessment of agoraphobia
Assessment: Explore triggers, assess level of functional impairment, screen for comorbid panic disorder.
Assessment of GAD
Use GAD-7 scale, assess impact on functioning, rule out physical causes (thyroid, substance use).
Assessment of PTSD : Screen with PCL-5, evaluate suicidal ideation, assess trauma triggers.
Assessment: Screen with PCL-5, evaluate suicidal ideation, assess trauma triggers.
Assessment OCD
Assessment: Use Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, assess functional impairment.
Assessment of special phobias
Assessment: Identify phobia triggers, assess level of avoidance, evaluate interference with daily life.
Assessment of specific phobias
Assessment: Identify phobia triggers, assess level of avoidance, evaluate interference with daily life.
Assessment of painic disorders
Assess frequency/severity of attacks, rule out cardiac causes, evaluate avoidance behaviors.
PTSD post traumatic stress disorder
Anxiety following exposure to traumatic event
Nursing Diagnoses of agoraphobia
Anxiety, Social isolation, Ineffective coping, Impaired social interaction.
Nursing Diagnoses of GAD
Nursing Diagnoses: Anxiety, Disturbed sleep pattern, Ineffective coping, Powerlessness.
Nursing Diagnoses PTDS
Nursing Diagnoses: Post-trauma response, Anxiety, Sleep disturbance, Risk for self-harm.
Nursing Diagnoses OCD
Nursing Diagnoses: Anxiety, Ineffective coping, Impaired social interaction, Compulsive behavior.
Nursing Diagnoses of special phobias
Nursing Diagnoses: Fear, Anxiety, Ineffective coping, Social isolation (if limiting).
Nursing Diagnoses for specific phobia
Nursing Diagnoses: Fear, Anxiety, Ineffective coping, Social isolation (if limiting).
Nursing Diagnoses of panic disorder
Nursing Diagnoses: Anxiety, Fear, Ineffective coping, Powerlessness
OCD obessive compulsive disorder
Presence of obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors)
Patient Education of agoraphobia
Breathing techniques, gradual exposure (systematic desensitization), importance of therapy/medications.
Patient Education GAD
Stress management, importance of regular exercise, sleep hygiene, limit caffeine.
Patient Education with PTSD
Patient Education: Grounding techniques, trauma-informed care, importance of therapy (CBT, EMDR), avoiding self-medication with substances.
Patient Education of OCD
Patient Education: Purpose of ERP (exposure & response prevention), medication adherence, stress management.
Patient Education on specific phobias
Patient Education: Importance of exposure therapy, breathing control, gradual desensitization.
Patient Education of specific phobias
Patient Education: Importance of exposure therapy, breathing control, gradual desensitization.
Patient Education of panic disorders :
Teach breathing control, avoid stimulants (caffeine), role of therapy and meds.
Social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
Fear of social situations where one may be judged
Etiologies of agoraphobia
Maladaptive fear response, learned avoidance behaviors, overactive amygdala.
Etiologies of GAD
Etiologies: Neurotransmitter imbalance (GABA/serotonin), cognitive distortions, genetic predisposition.
Etiologies of PTSD
Etiologies: Dysregulation of stress response, overactivation of amygdala, altered hippocampal function.
Etiologies of OCD
Etiologies: Serotonin dysregulation, hyperactivity in frontal-striatal circuits.
Etiologies of specific phobias
Etiologies: Classical conditioning (trauma paired with object), overactive amygdala.
Etiologies of specific phobias
Etiologies: Classical conditioning (trauma paired with object), overactive amygdala.
Etiologie of panic disorder
Dysregulation of norepinephrine/serotonin, hypersensitivity to CO₂, catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations
Specific Phobias
Persistent, irrational fear of specific objects or situations
Nursing Interventions of agoraphobia
Nursing Interventions: Encourage gradual exposure, relaxation training, CBT techniques, medication adherence (SSRIs, benzodiazepines short-term).
Nursing Interventions for GAD
Teach relaxation (deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation), support cognitive restructuring, encourage journaling, medication adherence (SSRIs, buspirone).
Nursing Interventions PTSD
Nursing Interventions: Provide safe environment, encourage expression of feelings, support groups, monitor for self-harm, medication (SSRIs, prazosin for nightmares).
Nursing Interventions if OCD
Nursing Interventions: Encourage gradual exposure, prevent ritual reinforcement, support therapy, medication adherence (SSRIs, clomipramine).
Nursing Interventions specific phobias
Nursing Interventions: Encourage graded exposure therapy, teach relaxation before exposure, reinforce successes.
Nursing Interventions of specific phobias
Nursing Interventions: Encourage graded exposure therapy, teach relaxation before exposure, reinforce successes.
Nursing Interventions of panic disorder
Stay with patient during attack, provide calm reassurance, guide breathing techniques, support CBT, medication adherence (SSRIs, benzodiazepines short-term).
Panic Disorder
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks (intense fear with somatic symptoms)
Evaluation of agoraphobia
Patient demonstrates reduced avoidance, participates in social/public settings without panic.
Evaluation of GAD
Patient reports decreased worry, improved sleep and functioning.
Evaluation for PTSD
Evaluation: Patient demonstrates improved sleep, decreased flashbacks, increased sense of safety.
Evaluation of OCD
Evaluation: Patient spends less time on compulsions, tolerates anxiety without rituals.
Evaluation of specific phobias
Evaluation: Patient tolerates exposure without panic, resumes normal activities.
Evaluation of Panic Disorder
Patient reports decreased attacks, improved control over anxiety, resumes daily activities.