Cognitive Impairment & Dementia (Chapter 17)
What is confusion?
hese five categories—damage, delirium, dementia, depression, and deprivation—are known collectively as the “five Ds” of this condition.
What is “Do No Harm”?
This principle states caregivers must avoid any action that may cause harm to the client.
What is crisis intervention?
This immediate mental-health response is needed when clients are unable to cope with overwhelming stress.
What is therapeutic communication?
Short, calm instructions are part of this essential communication technique for confused clients.
What is anxiety?
A normal emotion defined as “a feeling of uneasiness or uncertainty,” and a warning of danger.
What is delirium?
This condition has a quick onset, is reversible, and may include hallucinations or delusions.
What is empathy?
This term describes the ability to recognize and share another person’s emotions without experiencing them.
What are intellectual coping mechanisms?
These mechanisms aim to make stressful experiences feel less threatening by changing perceptions.
What is the Need‑Driven Dementia‑Compromised Behavior Model?
When a client behaves inappropriately due to unmet needs, this dementia model helps interpret the behavior.
What are physical symptoms of anxiety?
These symptoms—muscle tension, fidgeting, headaches—represent this aspect of anxiety.
What is loss of recent memory?
The most common early symptom of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease, is this type of memory loss.
What is mutual trust?
These three elements—caring, empathy, and advocacy—form the foundation of this essential therapeutic relationship component.
What is a crisis?
This occurs when a person’s ability to cope is overwhelmed and new behavior strategies must be developed.
What is consistency?
Clients with Alzheimer's often need a stable environment with predictable routines; this principle describes that requirement.
What is a phobia?
This obsessive internal fear reaction differs from normal fear.
What is Sundown Syndrome?
This phenomenon involves increased confusion and agitation occurring in the late afternoon or evening.
What is accepting each client as a whole person?
This principle involves viewing clients holistically and accepting differences even when not fully understood.
What is risk‑taking?
This caregiver trait involves taking risks that offer the opportunity for personal growth—even through failure.
What is therapeutic intervention?
Redirecting clients gently to less stressful activities is part of this type of care.
What is PTSD?
This trauma-related disorder involves reliving the event through nightmares and flashbacks.
What is caregiver support?
These three therapeutic goals guide care for clients with Alzheimer’s: safety, behavior management, and this type of support for families.
What is self‑awareness?
This mental health skill relies on introspection and helps caregivers “look within” to understand their own emotions and behaviors.
What are therapeutic interventions?
This category of coping skills includes meditation, relaxation, and problem‑solving techniques
What is supportive therapeutic communication?
This communication approach reinforces reality without arguing and encourages clients to reminisce.
What is systematic desensitization?
This anxiety treatment involves gradually exposing the client to increasing levels of a feared stimulus.