Mental Health

Mood Disorders

100

When a person is depressed, but at a lower grade, persistently for 2 or more years, what is this called?

Dysthemia

200

Name at least 4 risk factors for depression

prior episode, family history, lack of social support, stressful life event, substance abuse

300

Explain the Freudian Psychodynamic Theory of depression

-Conflict between the ego and the superego -Anger and aggression turned inward

400

Explain the difference between Bipolar 1, Bipolar 2, and Cyclothymia

Bipolar 1- periods of major depressive, manic, and/or mixed Bipolar 2- periods of major depression and hypomania Cyclothymia-Periods of hypomanic episodes and depressive that don't meet the criteria for major depressive episodes

500

Explain Serotonin syndrome and 2 examples of what it does to a persons body

-Drug induced excess of intra-synaptic serotonin -Happens when multiple drugs are taken in multiple forms -Most often occurs by patients taking two or more meds that increase CNS serotonin levels by different mechanisms -Rapid onset -what it causes: Mental changes (agitation, confusion, hypomanic), altered muscle tone (rigidity, twitching or tremor involuntary), autonomic changes (hyper/hypotension, tachycardia, diaphoresis), CNS changes (discoordination, coma, seizures), Hyperthermia

Child and Adolescent/Anorexia

100

Name 2 of the 9 issues discussed in class around childhood and adolescence

-Attachment: Consider Bowlby’s attachment theory -Abuse… or witnessing abuse – may have life long effects -Alcohol/substance abuse – may start as early as 8 years of age -Losses/grieving e.g. loss of a parent frequent moves -Psychiatric illness Anxiety Depression -Conduct disorder -Oppositional Defiant Disorder -ADHD -Asperger’s syndrome

200

What was Bowlby's theory called? explain it.

-Theory of Attachment -Object loss theory that says the absence of a consistent mother or mother like caregiver in early life can lead to difficulties later in life

300

Name 4 signs and symptoms of anorexia

-deliberate weight loss -dieting/vomiting to control weight -tooth damage -physiologic changes: hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, ventricular dilation, dry skin, lanugo, constipation, dehydration, osteopenia/porosis

400

Name 5 risk factors for childhood

-Poverty -Minority Status -Homelessness -Significant caregiver conflicts or divorce -Caregiver’s psychological problems or substance abuse -Physical/sexual abuse -Chronic illness or disability of caregivers

500

Name 4 causes of anorexia

-considered multifactorial -sociocultural -familial factors -cognitive/behavioral -psychodynamic

Anxiety Disorders

100

Explain Panic Disorder

Characterized by the appearance of disabling attacks of panic that can often lead to other symptoms. Individual experiencing these often believe there are underlying medical reasons for the symptoms.

200

What is a fear of open spaces, associated with panic disorder, often leading to the individual experiencing this fear to live in isolation called?

Agoraphobia

300

Explain what happens when an individual is having a panic attack

a sudden discrete period of intense fear or discomfort occurs accompanied by significant physical or cognitive symptoms

400

When an individual has recurrent and repetitive ritualistic behaviours which are used by that individual to control anxiety brought on by intrusive and inappropriate thoughts, what is this called?

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

500

Give 3 examples of behaviours that an individual with PTSD would exhibit

arousal, hypervigallence, exaggerated startle response, impaired social functioning, impaired occupational functioning, persistant avoidance of stimuli

Therapeutic Communication/Crisis Intervention

100

What are the three levels of intervention in psychiatric nursing and what does each level do?

primary – prevention, secondary – treatment, and tertiary – rehabilitation

200

All of these are essential to therapeutic conversation, EXCEPT: A.) Establishing trust and respect of the patient B.) Setting the focus/boundaries of the interaction C.) Asking numerous questions to know the patient better D.) Exploring the patient’s understanding of what is happening

(C)

300

What should a nurse try to avoid asking to the patient throughout the therapeutic conversation? And why is that?

‘why?’, because patients may perceive the question as judgmental

400

What are the four elements that a psychiatric nurse must recognize when he/she is approaching the family with mentally ill patient?

need for knowledge about illness, need for knowledge about medication for treatment, recognize burden upon family, and stigma

500

What are the four boundaries that a nurse must be careful about during therapeutic communication?

personal information, dress, setting, use of touch

Mental Status Exam

100

Which of these is not a type of memory that is examined during mental status exam? a.)Registration b.)Sensory c.)Remote or long-term d.)Recall

B

200

When examining emotional state of an individual as a psychiatric nurse, the nurse should be aware when the person is labile. What is a labile state?

instability of emotions/affect. The person can be happy at one moment and mad at another or vice versa

300

When a nurse is examining sensorium and cognition, what are the three things that the nurse questions about when assessing orientation of the person?

person, place, time

400

What are the five categories of mental status exam?

general appearance, emotional state, thought processes, thought content, and sensorium and cognition

500

List the six categories that a psychiatric nurse must focus on when assessing the person’s general appearance

appearance, overt behaviours and psychomotor activity, physiological signs, attitude towards the interviewer, impulse control, reliability as an interviewee