Show:
Humanist/Family and Couple
Drugs - Effects and Cautions
When Therapy harms / helps
Evaluation of Psychotherapy
Behavior and Cognitive Therapy
100
What is the family - systems perspective?
It is an approach to doing therapy with individuals or families by identifying how each family member forms part of a larger interacting system.
100
Define antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs?
- Antipsychotic drugs are drugs used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. - Antidepressant drugs - are drugs used primarily in the treatment of mood disorders especially depression and anxiety.
100
What are the possible causes of harm in psychotherapy?
-the use empirically unsupported, potentially dangerous techniques -inappropriate or coercive influence, which can create new problems for the client -prejudice or cultural ignorance on the part if the therapist -sexual intimacies or other unethical behavior on the part of the therapist
100
What are randomized controlled trials?
It is when researchers want to know how effective a therapy or medicine is so they put people with the problem or disorder in a random treatment group or control group to see if it actually works.
100
Explain what is behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy and the methods used in these therapies
Behavioral therapy is a form of therapy that applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviors. Methods used in this therapy are exposure, systematic desensitization, behavioral self-monitoring and skills training. Cognitive therapy is a form of therapy designed to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and, hence to reduce negative emotions. Methods used in this therapy is rational emotional behavior therapy (REBT)
200
What methods do family couple therapies do to help solve the issue they observe?
- The therapist and client may create a family tree showing psychologically significant events across as many generations as possible. - Some therapists will treat individuals in a family-systems perspective which recognizes that people’s behavior in a family is as interconnected as that of two dancers. - Additionally, if one family member changes the others must change as well. - If couples fight frequently then they must go to couples therapy which is designed to help couples manage the inevitable conflicts that occur in relationships. - Methods used for the other types of therapies may also be relevant to this type of therapy.
200
Name and explain the four classes of drug treatments?
- Antipsychotic drugs - used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Increasingly though they are also being prescribed for non-psychotic disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. - Antidepressant drugs - used primarily in the treatment of depression and other mood disorders. There are three classes of antidepressants and all are non addictive and about equally effective but they all tend to produce some unpleasant physical reactions. - Tranquilizers - often but inappropriately prescribed for patients who complain of unhappiness, anxiety or worry. They may help people with panic disorder and individuals who have an acute anxiety attack but they are considered the treatment of choice over a long period of time. - Lithium Carbonate - often used for people with bipolar disorder. It must be given in exactly the right dose and must be monitored carefully because too little will not help and too much can be fatal.
200
What are some important consideration to take into account when choosing the psychotherapy? briefly explain them
Choosing a therapist. Make sure that you a reputable psychotherapist that can help you solve the problems. A good place to start with could be also the school counseling. Choosing a therapy. Not all therapies are equally effective for all problems. If you have a specific.
200
What do practitioners believe leads to a successful therapy?
Practitioners/psychotherapists, believe that a good relationship is what makes a therapy successful.
200
How can exposure help to overcome client’s fear and how does it work?
It is a method in which a person suffering from a phobia or panic attacks is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory until the anxiety subsides.
300
Compare and Contrast existential and humanistic therapy?
While the humanistic and existential perspectives do share some common elements, there are also ways in which they differ significantly. The humanistic perspective view humans as basically good and focuses on the present. Humanistic therapy focuses on aiding a person in finding their means of achieving self-actualization, of being the best that he or she can be. The existential perspective is comparable in recognizing that we are all unique individuals who desire self-fulfillment, but it does not have such a positive view of human nature. Existentialists place more emphasis on irrational tendencies and the external obstacles to self-fulfillment.
300
Compare and Contrast antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs?
-Antipsychotic drugs are mainly used to cure schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders whereas, Antidepressant drugs are more used for depression and other mood disorders.
300
What are the factors that contribute to a successful therapy?
-the quality of the client (motivated to change) -qualities of therapist (warmth, empathy) -therapeutic alliance -effective method for given problems
300
Why is it important for the therapist to be aware of cultural issues?
The therapist has to take the client’s cultural background into consideration so there is no tension between them. In order for a good relationship to build, the therapist and the client have to respect each other so therefore the therapist has to have some knowledge in order not to offend the client.
300
What is the difference between rational emotive therapy and graduated exposure?
-gradually exposure is a step-by-step process where a patient is gradually taken to face with their fears or phobias, and slowly start to put aside their fear or phobias. -rational emotive behavior therapy is a step-by-step process where the therapist uses rational arguments to directly challenge a client’s unrealistic beliefs or expectations. in this method they also make the patient deal virtually their phobias and fears
400
What are the criticisms of humanistic therapy?
- It ignores unconscious actions. - Only a small percentage of individuals become self-actualised. This does not prove that everyone can be. It could be that self-actualised individuals tend to be more intelligent, talented, well-educated and motivated than the rest of us. - Self-actualization probably depends on the environmental as well as need factors, rather than entirely on need factors. - Some argue that focusing on one self can lead to a lack of social functioning
400
Compare and Contrast the effects and limitations of therapy versus medication?
Drugs have side effects that may remain for long periods of time. However, both are consistent in terms of making sure the client is consistent with sessions or their medications, drugs more than therapy. If the drugs is effective it may cure the disorder whereas therapy may not cure it fully. Moreover, therapy is more time consuming whereas, drugs may be given is doses which can be monitored in the comfort of ones own home.
400
How can the therapeutic alliance be helpful in therapies?
Therapeutic alliance is a bond of confidence and mutual understanding between therapist and client, which allows them to work together to solve the client’s problems
400
Why has the scientific-practitioner gap widened?
The scientific-practitioner gap has widened because there are new therapies created without any scientific support so they are not reliable. Also, people at schools are only learning about therapies alone rather than research methods and psychology itself so they don’t have support for their claims.
400
Compare and Contrast Behavior and Cognitive therapy
behavioral and cognitive therapy are similar because they both help to put aside the fears or phobias of the patients -the difference between these two therapies is that the behavioral focuses on behavior and the modification of self-defeating behaviors. whereas cognitive focuses on the modification of irrational and negative thoughts.
500
Why is Existential therapy more common nowadays?
One of the major reasons Existential therapy is more common now days is because facilitates intensive psychotherapy sessions as well as facilitates continuous sessions to make sure the patient is improving.
500
What are the moral and ethical implications behind the placebo effect?
-The ethical problem with placebo treatment is not that the patient is receiving an ineffective medicine—the placebo, as we have claimed, may be quite effective, just as the standard medication may prove, in any particular case, to be useless or even harmful; furthermore, the placebo will usually have the advantage of producing less undesirable side effects. Therefore, the judicious use of the placebo in a therapeutic context need not entail automatically a violation of the doctor’s obligation to heal. - The ethical problem most frequently raised regarding the administration of the placebo is that the doctor is deceiving the patient. The patient wants effective treatment; instead he receives a placebo. On these grounds, some have maintained that placebo treatment will always be unethical, a violation of the patient’s right to be honestly and fully informed about treatment.
500
Compare and contrast rehabilitation psychologists and community psychologists
-rehabilitation psychologists are concerned with the assessment and treatment of people who are physically disable, temporarily or permanently, because of chronic pain, physical injuries, epilepsy, addiction or other conditions. -community psychologists is a set up program at a community level, often coordinating outpatient services at local clinics with support from family and friends.
500
Why is it not reliable to listen to the client’s reviews about the therapy?
There is the justification of effort effect where clients do not want to admit that the therapy was not successful because they put in time, money and effort so they want to deny the fact that it didn’t work.
500
Is Cognitive or Behavior therapy more effective? Why?
Cognitive therapy is more effective. It is more effective because exposing the patient only virtually to their fear or phobias could be more helpful to put that phobias aside. whereas exposing it in real life could cause the patient even more fear.