Lesson 1
This is a Greek word for "Land between the rivers."
Early civilizations arose in these because of favorable farming conditions
River Valleys
This is the word for a group of traveling merchants
Caravan
This is what somebody who studies the stars and planets is called
Astronomer
This ruler wrote a code of laws that covered most areas of daily life
Hammurabi
This is the name of temples used by Sumerians to honor chief gods
ZIgguarat
This is what we call complex societies that have organized governments, culture, and writing
Civilizations
This group conquered the Chaldeans but let them retain their culture
This part of Babylon was known as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Hanging Gardens
The first Sumerian kings were these
War heroes
This is what workers in Sumer who made metal, cloth, and pottery were called
Artisans
Sumerians who learned to read and write often held high positions as these
Scribes
The Chaldean king rebuilt Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar
This was the Assyrian Empire's capital city and the site of one of the world's first libraries
Nineveh
This group rebelled against and defeated the Assyrians
Chaldeans
This is a form of writing developed by the Sumerians
Cuneiform
This is a method that brings water from rivers/lakes to crops
Irrigation
The Hittites taught the Assyrians this which helped make their armies stronger
How to use and make stronger metals like Iron
The Chaldeans defeated this Empire to begin establishing their own empire.
Assyria
Sumerian artisans, merchants, farmers, and fishers made up this group
The Middle Class
These had their own governments but were not a part of any larger unit
City-States
The calendar developed by the Sumerians was based on this
Cycles of the moon
Babylon became rich from trade because it was located on a major trade route between the Mediterranean Sea and this
The Persian Gulf
This is a word which means simply "a political district."
Province
This was a problem during summers in Mesopotamia
Water Scarcity/Drought