Egypt mostly
What practice did Egyptians have regarding their dead?
They used mummification
What is Hammurabi known for?
Creation of the first written laws
Who is credited as the "founder" of Judaism?
Abraham
Which one of these religions is monotheism?
Sumerian, Judaism, Egyptian
Document A
“Luli, king of Sidon, whom the terror-inspring glamor of my lordship had overwhelmed, fled far overseas and perished… As to Hezekiah [king of judah]... I laid siege to his strong cities, walled forts, and countless small villages, and conquered them… I drove out 200,150 people, young and old, male and female, horses, mules, donkeys, camels, big and small cattle beyond counting, and considered them slaves. Himself I made a prisoner in Jerusalem, his royal residence, like a bird in a cage… Thus I reduced his country, but I still increased the tribute and the presents to me as overlord… Hezekiah himself, did send me, later, to Nineveh, my lordly city, together with 30 talents of gold, 800 talents of silver, precious stones… and all kinds of valuable treasures.”
—From King Sennacherib of Assyria
Document B
“In the eighteenth year of my rule I crossed the Euphrates for the sixteenth time. [King] Hazael of Damascus put his trust upon his numerous army and called up his troops in great number… I fought with him and inflicted a defeat upon him, killing with the sword 16,000 of his experienced soldiers, I took away from him 1,121 chariots, 470 riding horses as well as his camp… I followed him and besieged him in Damascus, his royal residence, I cut down his gardens… I marched as far as the mountains of Hauran, destroying, tearing down and burning innumerable towns, carrying booty away from them which was beyond counting. I marched as far as the mountains of Ba’li-ra’si… and erected there a stela [stone pillar] with my image as king.”
—From King Shalmaneser III of Assyria
Document c
“[My troops] were like lions roaring upon the mountaintops. The Chariotry consisted of runners, of picked men, of every good and capable chariot-warrior. The horses were quivering in every part of their bodies, prepared to crush the foreign countries under their hoofs… Those who reached my frontier… their heart and soul are finished forever and ever. Those who came forward together on the sea, the full flame was in front of them at the river-mouths, while a stockade of lances surrounded them on the shore… I have made the lands turn back from [even] mentioning Egypt; for when they pronounce my name in their land, then they are burned up.”
—From Pharaoh Ramses III of Egypt
Documents A, B, and C are told from the perspective
The leader of a successful campaign
Why was mummification used in Ancient Egypt?
To preserve the body for the afterlife
Why would the Sumerians need to develop a system of writing?
To keep records of their everyday lives regarding religion, government, and economics
What was God's promise to Abraham and his descendants?
Granted them a homeland and the promise of becoming a great nation
What did Egyptians believe happened to a person after they died?
The soul entered the afterlife only after the heart passed a moral judgement test
“In the eighteenth year of my rule I crossed the Euphrates for the sixteenth time. [King] Hazael of Damascus put his trust upon his numerous army and called up his troops in great number… I fought with him and inflicted a defeat upon him, killing with the sword 16,000 of his experienced soldiers, I took away from him 1,121 chariots, 470 riding horses as well as his camp… I followed him and besieged him in Damascus, his royal residence, I cut down his gardens… I marched as far as the mountains of Hauran, destroying, tearing down and burning innumerable towns, carrying booty away from them which was beyond counting. I marched as far as the mountains of Ba’li-ra’si… and erected there a stela [stone pillar] with my image as king.”
—From King Shalmaneser III of Assyria
What did King Shalmanser do in the mountains of Ba'li-ra'si after he conquered the King of Damascus?
Set up a monument showing his image
Why was the Nile significant to Egypt?
it provided water, fertile soil, and transportation for early settlements
Which ruler conquered Mesopotamia around 1790 BC?
Hammurabi
What is the holy book of Judaism?
Torah
What purpose did pyramids serve for Egyptian pharaohs?
As tombs
“Luli, king of Sidon, whom the terror-inspring glamor of my lordship had overwhelmed, fled far overseas and perished… As to Hezekiah [king of judah]... I laid siege to his strong cities, walled forts, and countless small villages, and conquered them… I drove out 200,150 people, young and old, male and female, horses, mules, donkeys, camels, big and small cattle beyond counting, and considered them slaves. Himself I made a prisoner in Jerusalem, his royal residence, like a bird in a cage… Thus I reduced his country, but I still increased the tribute and the presents to me as overlord… Hezekiah himself, did send me, later, to Nineveh, my lordly city, together with 30 talents of gold, 800 talents of silver, precious stones… and all kinds of valuable treasures.”
—From King Sennacherib of Assyria
Where was King Hezekiah's royal residence located?
Jerusalem
Why was Hatshepsut significant to Egyptian history?
She was the first known woman pharaoh of Egypt
Describe the Sumerian social hierarchy
Priests and rulers at the top, slaves at the bottom, everyone else in between
How did the Phoenicians contribute to the development of the English alphabet?
they developed a simplified alphabet that influenced Greek and Latin
How did improvements in technology influence societies like Sumer and Egypt?
Increased productivity in agriculture and helped lead to the rise in government and religion
“Luli, king of Sidon, whom the terror-inspring glamor of my lordship had overwhelmed, fled far overseas and perished… As to Hezekiah [king of judah]... I laid siege to his strong cities, walled forts, and countless small villages, and conquered them… I drove out 200,150 people, young and old, male and female, horses, mules, donkeys, camels, big and small cattle beyond counting, and considered them slaves. Himself I made a prisoner in Jerusalem, his royal residence, like a bird in a cage… Thus I reduced his country, but I still increased the tribute and the presents to me as overlord… Hezekiah himself, did send me, later, to Nineveh, my lordly city, together with 30 talents of gold, 800 talents of silver, precious stones… and all kinds of valuable treasures.”
—From King Sennacherib of Assyria
Document B
“In the eighteenth year of my rule I crossed the Euphrates for the sixteenth time. [King] Hazael of Damascus put his trust upon his numerous army and called up his troops in great number… I fought with him and inflicted a defeat upon him, killing with the sword 16,000 of his experienced soldiers, I took away from him 1,121 chariots, 470 riding horses as well as his camp… I followed him and besieged him in Damascus, his royal residence, I cut down his gardens… I marched as far as the mountains of Hauran, destroying, tearing down and burning innumerable towns, carrying booty away from them which was beyond counting. I marched as far as the mountains of Ba’li-ra’si… and erected there a stela [stone pillar] with my image as king.”
—From King Shalmaneser III of Assyria
What happened as the Assyrians marched across Israel and Damascus in these two sources?
They burned homes and drove many people from their homes
Why is the tomb of King Tutankhamen important to our understanding of Egyptian views on life after death?
it preserved items that Egyptians believed were necessary for the afterlife
How did the geography of the Fertile Crescent influence the rise of Mesopotamian civilizations?
Why did the Hittites want to keep ironworking a secret?
Their iron weapons were stronger than the bronze weapons everyone else used
How did leaders like Hammurabi, Cyrus the Great, and Darius the 1st work to unify their empire?
used laws, fair treatment of citizens, create roads, and organized governments
Document c
“[My troops] were like lions roaring upon the mountaintops. The Chariotry consisted of runners, of picked men, of every good and capable chariot-warrior. The horses were quivering in every part of their bodies, prepared to crush the foreign countries under their hoofs… Those who reached my frontier… their heart and soul are finished forever and ever. Those who came forward together on the sea, the full flame was in front of them at the river-mouths, while a stockade of lances surrounded them on the shore… I have made the lands turn back from [even] mentioning Egypt; for when they pronounce my name in their land, then they are burned up.”
—From Pharaoh Ramses III of Egypt
What is Ramses III talking about?
How his army defeated an invasion from the river