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To take over the lands of others.
Conquer
Whoever caused an injury should be punished with the same injury.
An Eye for an Eye
God of water and wisdom.
Ea
Likely an ancient king of Sumer. He became a figure of legend.
Gilgamesh
An organized system that groups use to make laws.
Government
The largest building in most Sumerian cities, a huge mud temple. The top floor was a shrine to the gods. It was often 7 stories tall.
Ziggurat
282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life (marriage, divorce, adoption, slaves, murder, military, land, businesses, etc.)
Code of Hammurabi
An extra supply of something (in Mesopotamia - food, grain, barley).
Surplus
Fair treatment under the law.
Equal Justice
One person has complete authority or right to rule.
Monarchy
Sumer was made up of many City-States. Each City-State included a city and farmlands. It was ruled by its own ruler and government.
City-State
People who buy and sell goods to make a living.
Merchants
Hammurabi created taxation. People had to pay to support the government. Taxes collected paid for Hammurabi’s improvements to the city.
Taxation
God of wind, storms, and rain.
Enlil
The ruler of an empire.
Emperor
A city or place with a high population.
Urban
The first emperor. He was the ruler of Akkad (his people became known as Akkadians).
Sargon
High flat area of land.
Plateau
King of the city-state of Babylon.
Hammurabi
Conquered land of many people and places, governed by one ruler.
Empire
Slow, winding river in Mesopotamia.
Euphrates River
A river or stream flowing into a larger river or stream.
Tributaries
A centralized society with developed forms of religion, ways of governing, and learning.
Civilization
The use of connected ditches, trenches, canals, and dikes to move water to dry areas, used in farming.
Irrigation
Fast moving river in Mesopotamia with many tributaries.
Tigris River