metabolism
A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction.
What is an enzyme?
Another word for 'simple sugar'.
What is a monosaccharide?
It is a hormone that causes the blood glucose level to fall.
What is insulin?
The molecule an enzyme acts on.
What is a substrate?
They are the components of lactose.
What are galactose and glucose?
To speed up a reaction without being used up.
What is catalyse?
It's a molecule made of many single sugars.
What is a polysaccharide?
The hormones bind to them to transmit a signal.
What is a receptor?
The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What is an active site?
It is the process of taking up molecules into the bloodstream.
What is absorption (or absorb)?
A reaction that splits a molecule into two by adding water.
What is hydrolysis?
It is a polysaccharide in muscles and the liver.
What is glycogen?
They are sugary, fatty diets, prolonged obesity and lack of exercise.
What are the main risk factors for diabetes type II?
The substance formed after an enzyme has acted on its substrate.
What is a product?
The organ where undigested lactose causes symptoms of discomfort.
What is the large intestine?
A reaction that breaks molecules down, releasing energy.
What is a catabolic reaction?
What is the osmotic effect? (Or: What is insoluble?)
It is a disease like diabetes type I where the immune system attacks the body's own cells.
What is an autoimmune disease?
The condition (e.g. temperature, pH) at which an enzyme works fastest.
What is an optimum?
The breakdown of undigested lactose by gut bacteria, producing gas and acids.
What is fermentation?
The molecule cells use to store and transfer energy.
What is ATP?
It is the connection between two monosaccharides.
What is a glycosidic bond?
These cells are destroyed in diabetes type I.
What are beta-cells (of the pancreas)?
A substance that slows down or blocks enzyme activity.
What is an inhibitor?
A genetic trait that allows an adult to continue producing lactase and digest lactose throughout life.
What is lactase persistence?