Glycolysis
How many different steps are there in glycolysis?
10
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
Is oxidative phosphorylation anabolic or catabolic?
Catabolic
Where does the Pentose Phosphate Pathway take place?
The cytosol of the cell.
Who discovered the Citric Acid Cycle?
Hans Krebs
What is the main purpose of glycolysis?
generation of ATP
What are the 3 irreversible steps of the Citric Acid Cycle?
1. Citrate synthase
2. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
3. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
What is the major type of reaction that takes place in oxidative phosphorylation?
Redox reactions
What pathway is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway derived from?
Glycolysis
What is considered to be the oldest metabolic pathway?
Glycolysis
What is the major product of anaerobic glycolysis?
Lactate
How many CO2 molecules are released for each acetyl group fed into the cycle?
2
How many molecules of ATP does oxidative phosphorylation produce?
24-28
What are the products of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?
NADPH, pentoses, and ribose-5-phosphate
What two main pathways is metabolism composed of?
Anabolism and Catabolism
What is the net production of ATP during glycolysis?
2 net ATP molecules
What is the main purpose of the Citric Acid Cycle?
To produce NADH for the electron transport chain
What step of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation?
Who discovered the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?
Horecker and Racker
What is the Warburg Effect?
An increase in the rate of glucose uptake and preferential production of lactate, even in the presence of oxygen.
What is the net reaction of glycolysis?
Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi --> 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2 ATP
How does the Citric Acid Cycle begin?
transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to form a six-carbon compound (citrate)
How is oxidative phosphorylation regulated?
By the energy needs of the cell. Mainly by the levels of ADP compared to ATP. ADP is the most limiting reactant.
What are the biological functions for the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?
It produces pentose phosphates (for nucleotide synthesis) and NADPH (reducing agent for biosynthetic processes).
What is the most important pathway for energy supply to the body?
Citric Acid Cycle