Cellular Respiration Fundamentals
This molecule is the main usable energy currency of the cell.
What is ATP?
Glycolysis takes place in this part of the cell.
What is the cytoplasm/cytosol?
Pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs cycle occur in this part of the mitochondrion.
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
The electron transport chain is located in this mitochondrial membrane.
What is the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Fermentation allows cells to continue producing ATP when this is unavailable or limited.
What is oxygen?
Most stages of aerobic cellular respiration occur in this organelle.
What is the mitochondrion?
This six-carbon molecule begins glycolysis.
What is glucose?
During pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate is converted into this molecule before entering the Krebs cycle.
What is acetyl-CoA?
This molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration.
What is oxygen?
Fermentation regenerates this molecule so glycolysis can continue.
What is NAD⁺?
These are the two main reactants of aerobic cellular respiration.
What are glucose and oxygen?
One glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of this three-carbon compound.
What is pyruvate?
This waste product is released during both pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs cycle.
What is carbon dioxide?
The electron transport chain pumps these particles across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What are H⁺ ions/protons?
This type of fermentation can occur in human muscle cells when oxygen supply cannot meet demand.
What is lactate fermentation?
These are the major products of aerobic cellular respiration.
What are carbon dioxide, water, ATP and heat?
This is the net number of ATP produced during glycolysis per glucose molecule.
What is 2 ATP?
These two electron carriers transport high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain.
What are NADH and FADH₂?
This enzyme uses the movement of H⁺ ions to produce ATP.
What is ATP synthase?
Alcoholic fermentation in yeast produces these two products.
What are ethanol and carbon dioxide?
Explain one major difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration.
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces much more ATP, while anaerobic pathways occur without oxygen and rely mainly on glycolysis for ATP.
Besides ATP and pyruvate, glycolysis produces two molecules of this electron carrier.
What is NADH?
For each glucose molecule, the Krebs cycle produces this many NADH, FADH₂ and ATP.
What are 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂ and 2 ATP?
Explain how chemiosmosis leads to ATP production.
H⁺ builds up across the inner mitochondrial membrane and flows back through ATP synthase, providing the energy to produce ATP.
Fermentation does not directly make additional ATP. Explain why it is still important for ATP production.
It regenerates NAD⁺, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP when oxygen is unavailable or limited.