Vocab Blitz
What is the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones?
Anabolism
Put these in order: Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle, Glycolysis, Electron Transport Chain, Pyruvate oxidation
Glycolysis, Pyruvate, Krebs, ETC
What must be true for a compound to be considered a vitamin?
It is must be eaten, comes from common foods, a deficiency occurs when lacking, eating it fixes a deficiency disease.
Where is excess glucose stored?
As glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Which produces more ATP: glucose or fat or protein metabolism?
fat!
Which molecule is known as the 'energy currency' of the cell?
ATP
When oxygen is not available, what type of metabolism occurs?
Anaerobic Metabolism
Name one fat and one water soluble vitamin
FAT: A, D, E, K
WATER: C or Bs
Where are excess lipids stored?
Adipose tissue
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism
(cata)break down vs (ana)build up
What type of metabolism requires oxygen?
Aerobic Metabolism
How are lipids catabolized for energy?
Through beta-oxidation into acetyl-CoA. Then to Krebs Cycle, etc.
Which type of vitamins are more likely to cause toxicity if taken in mega doses?
Fat Soluble (A, D, E, K)
What happens during starvation?
Use glycogen stores (glycogenolysis)
Use Fat stores (lipolysis)
Turn amino acids into glucose (gluconeogensis) and make ketonebodies (ketogenesis)
Break down muscle tissue (Proteolysis)
What is adaptive thermogenesis?
Energy expended to maintain body temp or adjust to environment
What is the process of making glucose from non-carb sources like protein?
Gluconeogensis
What process creates ketone bodies from fat break down?
Ketogenesis
What does 'bioavailability' mean?
How much of a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body.
When sleeping, what process is activated to get more glucose?
glycogenolysis
How does your body store excess proteins?
It cannot! They must be metabolized or recycled
Define NEAT and give one example
Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis: fidgeting, sitting or walking to class
What elements enters the ETC to create ATP?
NADH and FADH2
How do antioxidants protect the body?
They neutralize free radicals - protects against damaged cells that can lead to cancer and other issues
when you restrict calories, does it speed up or slow down your metabolism?
Slow down
Where are vitamins absorbed in the body (mostly)
Small intestines