Anaerobic Metabolism
What is the byproduct of anaerobic metabolism?
Lactic acid
An elevated BUN and creatinine indicate dysfunction of this organ system.
Renal system
Monitoring capillary refill and skin temperature helps evaluate what?
Tissue perfusion
What is characterizes as systemic inflammation?
Sepsis
This molecule is broken down during aerobic metabolism to produce CO2 and water.
Glucose
Anaerobic metabolism occurs when there is a lack of this essential element.
Oxygen
This lab value is elevated and points to bacterial infection especially in sepsis.
Procalcitonin
What are ways to reduce metabolic needs? At least 2
Promote rest, control fever, manage pain, reduce anxiety, cluster cares, maintain oxygen, support hydration, ensure nutrition
This immune response increases cytokines and oxidative stress.
Inflammation
Where does aerobic metabolism occur?
Mitochondria
What body system is unable to use anaerobic metabolism?
Brain, central nervous system
What acid base imbalance is commonly seen in patients with high lactate levels?
Metabolic acidosis
What stress hormones are decreased when administering pain medication?
Cortisol, catecholamines
In sepsis cells switch to this form of metabolism
Anaerobic metabolism
Aerobic metabolism produces approximately how many ATP per glucose molecule?
36 ATP
Anaerobic metabolism produces approximately how many ATP per glucose molecule?
2 ATP
What lab is a major plasma protein that maintains oncotic pressure and reflects nutritional and metabolic status?
Albumin
Monitoring phosphorus levels is essential when initiating nutrition to prevent this complication.
Refeeding syndrome
Oxidative stress damages this cellular structure responsible for ATP production.
Mitochondria
What cycle do cells undergo during aerobic metabolism?
Krebs cycle
This condition commonly causes tissues to rely on anaerobic metabolism due to hypoxia.
COPD or sepsis
An increased anion gap suggests accumulation of what?
Lactic acid, metabolic acids
Early recognition of subtle metabolic changes can prevent this severe complication.
Multi-system organ failure
How does the inflammatory response influence insulin sensitivity and glucose production?
Decrease insulin sensitivity and increased glucose production
Impaired perfusion in sepsis disrupts aerobic metabolism by limiting _____
Oxygen delivery