ATP
ATP’s full name
What is adenosine triphosphate
An organelle that maintains an acidic environment and is full of digestive enzymes
What are lysosomes
The type of transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy but does require protein channels
Facilitated diffusion
The breaking down of glucose into two pyruvates
What is glycolysis
The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
What is catalase
The three components that make up an ATP molecule
What are adenine, ribose, phosphate groups
The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living bacteria that overtime integrated into eukaryotic cells
What is endosymbiosis theory
Water will move out of a cell via osmosis when it is placed in this type of solution
What is hypertonic
A way to describe the first half of glycolysis where ATP is spent instead of created
What is energy investment / glucose priming
The type of enzyme that catalyzes phosphorylation
What is a kinase
The part of ATP that makes it unstable and reactive
What are phosphate groups
Organelles that have their own DNA
What are mitochondria and chloroplasts
The term used to describe the plasma membrane as a collage of proteins and other molecules embedded in the lipid bilayer
What is the fluid mosaic model
The two key metabolic products of glycolysis and their net amounts
What are ATP (2) and NADH (2)
Using exergonic (catabolic) reactions to fuel endergonic (anabolic) reactions
What is energy coupling
If you remove one phosphate from ATP, you get ____. If you remove two phosphates from ATP, you get ____.
What are ADP and AMP
Programmed cell death that occurs in various contexts including during development of an organism
What is apoptosis
Membrane proteins that span across the whole lipid bilayer
What are integral membrane proteins / transmembrane proteins
Chemical reactions that convert NADH back into NAD+
What is fermentation
Chemical reactions where one reactant loses electrons and the other reactant gains electrons
What are redox reactions
The enzyme that synthesizes ATP using energy from a H+ concentration gradient
What is ATP synthase
Organelle that is the site of hydrogen peroxide breakdown
What are peroxisomes
The type of protein channel that allows water to cross the plasma membrane
What are aquaporins
A kinase transferring a phosphate group directly from one substrate to another
What is substrate-level phosphorylation
The reduced forms of both electron carriers
What are NADH and FADH2