Everything's Variable
This level of measurement communicates differences in name only; it may be coded with numbers but the numbers just differentiate between units/represent differences with no inherent meaning attached.
What is a nominal variable?
This introduces haphazard, chaotic distortion into the measurement process, producing inconsistent operational readings of a concept (temporary, from outside the instrument).
What is random measurement error?
This is the process through which a change in one variable is directly responsible for a change in another; the second part is, at least in part, dependent upon the first.
What is causality?
This is the number of cases or observations drawn from a population; a subset of the population drawn through a systematic procedure.
What is a sample?
This is an overall relationship between an independent and dependent variable.
What is a zero-order relationship?
This level of measurement has values that communicate the exact amount of the characteristic being measured; we can not only rank but also compute the exact difference between two units.
What is an interval level variable?
This is durable, chronic distortion; consistently mismeasures the characteristic the researcher is after and introduces bias.
What is systematic measurement error?
These are at least two of the things a hypothesis should be able to do.
What is ...
1)Describe a connection between the dependent variable and an independent (causal) variable
2)Assert the direction or tendency of this connection
3)Be testable, empirical
These are at least two ways in which we can conduct a survey.
What is phone ... online ... mail ... face to face ...?
This is a relationship between an independent and dependent variable, holding constant a rival cause of the dependent variable.
What is a controlled relationship?
This level of measurement has values that communicate the relative amount of the characteristic being measured and ranked; it may use a scale but the scale does not measure absolute differences.
What is an ordinal level variable?
This is the consistent measure of a concept; free of random measurement error; gives you the same reading every time.
What is reliability?
You perform this type of comparative analysis when the dependent and independent variables are measured at the nominal or ordinal level
What is a crosstab?
This can be defined generically as the universe of cases the researcher wants to describe.
What is a population?
These are the three types of relationship patterns that may evolve once another variable is held constant?
What is spurious, additive, and interaction?
These are the three measures of central tendency in order from least to most precise.
What is mode, median, and mean?
This is the true value of the concept that is being measured instead of any unintended characteristics; clear unobstructed link between a concept and the empirical reading of the concept.
What is validity?
You perform this type of comparison when the independent variable is nominal or ordinal and the dependent variable is interval level.
What is a mean comparison?
This is the type of sample in which every member of the population has a known, equal chance to be part of the sample.
What is a probability-based sample?
DAILY DOUBLE: These are the two components by which our confidence in the sample statistic/estimate is affected. One has an inverse relationship with our measurement of confidence, and the other has a direct relationship.
What is ... ?
1)Size of the sample (n)
2)Amount of variation (σ) in the population characteristic being measured
DAILY DOUBLE: Name each of the following ...
This is a relationship that runs in a positive direction. An increase in the independent variable is associated with an increase in the dependent variable.
This is a relationship that runs in a negative direction. An increase in the independent variable is associated with a decrease in the dependent variable.
What is DIRECT relationship and INVERSE relationship?
These are the names for our cause and our effect in a testable relationship, usually represented by X and Y.
What is the INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT variable?
This is a better way to state the following hypothesis:
In a comparison of individuals, partisanship and immigration attitudes are related.
What is ... ?
In a comparison of individuals, Democrats are more supportive of a pathway to citizenship than Republicans.
Answers may vary.
When analyzing survey data, this variable goes in the columns and this other variable goes in the rows of your analysis.
What is the INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT variable?
This is the extent to which a sample statistic differs (by chance) from a population parameter.
Random sampling error