Chapter 1
Name of experiment in which mock "guards" and inmates were studied.
Stanford Prison Experiment
___________ are variables thought to influence, be associated with, or cause the variation in an outcome.
Independent Variables
______________ refers to whether the measure provides consistent measurement over repeated administrations.
Reliability
Probability Sampling
A technique for randomly assigning subjects to experimental groups and control groups.
Randomization
The purpose of this study was to identify the willingness of people to obey authority figures even when that requested behavior conflicts with a person's conscience.
Milgram's Obedience Study
_________________ are variables that are the focus of the research. They represent the outcome of interest.
Dependent Variables
An accurate measurement of the concept by the measures is associated with _______________.
Validity
A type of probability sampling in which the units composing a population are assigned numbers, a set of random numbers is then generated, and the units that have those numbers are included in the sample.
Simple Random Sampling
When randomization is not possible what general type of research design is necessary?
Quasi-Experimental
While not always possible, as with field observations, when it is feasible participation must be?
Voluntary
Process of precisely, accurately, comprehensively, and clearly defining what is meant by a particular concept is __________________. It is ______________________ that identifies how each concept wil be measured based on the definition provided.
1) Conceptualization
2) Operationalization
_____________ is a measurement requirement that there be an attribute available for every possible response.
Exhaustiveness
A method of probability sampling in which units are occurring in some specified interval in a list are selected for inclusion in the sample- for example, every 25th student in the college directory of students.
Systematic Sampling
________________ is the ability to generalize research findings to the population of interest in the real world.
External Validity
Research experiment that had gross ethical violations one being that a known treatment for the disease being studied was not given.
Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
What are the three vulnerable populations that receive an additional layer of review when proposed to participate in research?
1) Pregnant Women, Human Fetuses, and Neonates
2) Prisoners
3) Children
______________ is a measurement requirement that the attributes offered must not overlap in meaning.
Mutually Exclusive
The grouping of the units composing a population into homogeneous groups before sampling.
What are the three major components of a classical experiment?
1) Independent and Dependent Variables
2) Pretesting and Posttesting
3) Control and Experimental Groups
What is the name of report that was developed in which a set of ethical principles for the protection of human subjects was prescribed? Additionally, what are the three principles included in it?
1) Respect for Persons
2) Beneficiance
3) Justice
What are the four major purposes of research?
2) Explanatory
3) Descriptive
4)Evaluation
Name the four levels of measurement and give an example of each.
2) Ordinal
3) Interval
4) Ratio
Form of sampling where the likelihood that any given element will be selected is not known is called ____________ and the four types of such sampling are?
1) Non-Probability
2) Purposive
3) Quota
4) Snowball
5) Convenience
There are 7 threats to internal validity. Name them.
1) History
2) Maturation
3) Testing
4) Instrumentation
5) Statistical Regression
6) Selection Biases
7) Experimental Mortality