Mexican-American War & Gold Rush
What treaty ended the Mexican-American War in 1848?
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
What attack officially started the Civil War?
Fort Sumter
What president created the 10 Percent Plan?
Abraham Lincoln
What guide helped Lewis and Clark during their expedition?
Sacagawea
What process made steel production cheaper and faster?
Bessemer Process
What California event began after gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill in 1848?
California Gold Rush
What was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War?
Battle of Antietam
What compromise ended Reconstruction in 1877?
Compromise of 1877
What African American regiments served in the West after the Civil War?
Buffalo Soldiers
Who wrote The Jungle?
Upton Sinclair
What short-lived republic was declared during the Bear Flag Revolt?
California Republic
What document transformed the war into a fight against slavery?
Emancipation Proclamation
What group in Congress wanted stricter Reconstruction policies?
Radical Republicans
What act broke tribal lands into individual allotments?
Dawes Act
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
19th Amendment
What belief encouraged Americans to expand westward across the continent?
Manifest Destiny
What new weapon technology made wooden ships obsolete?
Ironclad ships
What Southern city did Sherman reach during his March to the Sea?
Savannah
What important resource destruction weakened Plains Indian cultures?
Bison herds
What business strategy did Rockefeller use to dominate oil refining?
Horizontal integration
Name TWO negative effects of the California Gold Rush.
Environmental destruction, Native American displacement, lawlessness, disease (any two)
Why were railroads important to the Union war effort?
Faster troop movement and supply transportation
Explain ONE major difference between Andrew Johnson and Radical Republicans.
Johnson wanted lenient Reconstruction; Radical Republicans wanted stricter policies and protections for freedmen.
What was the purpose of Native American boarding schools?
Assimilation of Native American children into American culture
What were TWO goals of Progressive reformers?
End corruption, improve working conditions, consumer protection, women’s suffrage (any two)