Evolution of Family Therapy
The evolution of Family Therapy began when clinicians were studying ____
Schizophrenia (patients & their families)
This clinician originated the Miracle Question
Insoo Berg (Solution-Focused)
According to Bowen, human relationships are driven by two counter-balancing life forces ____ & ____
Individuality & Togetherness
The cybernetic approach focused on self-defeating patterns of behaviors; the Narrative approach focuses on self-defeating ____
Cognitions
The cornerstone of the theory & goal of therapy in Bowenian Family Therapy
Differentiation of Self
Units in families determined by age, gender, and function
Subsystems (Structural)
"Alien entities" and "unwelcome invaders" are examples of what Narrative intervention?
Personification
Family sculpting, Role Playing, and Family art therapy are interventions used in what approach?
Experiential Therapy
According to Bowen, ____ is what drives dysfunction and symptomatic behavior
Anxiety
(T/F): In the 1950's therapists noticed that schizophrenic patients who improved in the hospital setting would continue to improve when they returned home
False
Name the three main groups of pioneers of Strategic Therapy
MRI Group
Haley & Madanes
Milan Systemic
Bowen theorized that the greater the level of fusion between parent and child, the greater the likelihood of ____
Emotional Cut-off
Solution-Focused Therapy is influenced by which traditional approach?
Strategic Therapy (MRI Group)
In this type of intervention the therapist tells the client to do more of the presenting issue, hoping they will rebel against the directive
Prescribing the symptom (will also accept paradox)
A conflict created when a person receives contradictory messages on different levels of abstraction in an important relationship
Double-bind (Communications Theory)
According to Solution-Focused Therapy, this type of client is someone who is not really in the market for therapy and is usually there because of someone else
Visitor
This pioneer was “anti-theory” and believed theories impacted creativity and intuition of the therapist
Carl Whitaker
This type of question is designed to explore what’s going on inside a person and between relationships
Process Questions
In 1951, Gregory Bateson (Palo Alto) led the Schizophrenia Project and studied the nature of ___
Communication
This therapist pioneered the use of working with a co-therapist
Carl Whitaker (Experiential)
This approach believes that problems are maintained by dysfunctional family organization and failure to make adjustments to changing circumstances
Structural Therapy
What are the three terms de Shazer used to assess clients in their motivation for change?
Vistor
Complainant
Customer
The centerpiece of Strategic Therapy
Positive Feedback Loop
In Solution-Focused Therapy, these types of questions are designed to help talk about vague topics when it is challenging to identify concrete changes or goals
Scaling Questions
Uniting the family against "the rift" would be an example of which Narrative intervention?
Externalization
An intervention in which a therapist directs family members to demonstrate how they handle a particular problem
Enactment
Narrative therapists focus on how people “narrative” their exchange, which impacts what they notice and how they interpret events in ways that perpetuate the problem. These patterns are referred to as:
Problem saturated stories
Bateson identified two levels of communication ___ & ___
Report and Command
This person is considered the first family therapist
John Bell
"There are no techniques, only people" is a stance used by what theoretical model?
Experiential Therapy
The two most powerful factors to come from Narrative Therapy
Narrative metaphor itself & externalizing problems
Minuchin would say that ___ is reinforced by expectations and family rules and only becomes evident when observed in action
Structure
Pessimistic and blaming accounts that bring clients to therapy, which often keeps them stuck
Problem-saturated stories (Narrative)
"Between now and the next time we meet, I would like for you to...."
Is an example of what Solution-Focused Intervention?
Formula first-session task
“Getting people to talk positively will help them think positively, and ultimately act positively” is a framework used in what approach?
Solution-Focused Therapy
A person’s basic level of differentiation is largely determined by the degree of autonomy in their family. The functional level of differentiation is influenced by the ___ of current relationships
Quality
Term used to describe domineering, aggressive, rejecting women, who were thought to provide the pathological parenting that produced schizophrenia
Schizophrenogenic Mother
This pioneer from the post-modern era rejected systems thinking, cybernetics, and other traditional models but liked Bateson's notion of "how people construe the world"
This model of therapy was the leading approach in the 1970’s
Structural Therapy
What are the two fundamental strategies Solution-Focused techniques are organized around?
1. Well-focused goals (framed in the client's language)
2. Solutions based on exceptions
The process by which individuals remove themselves from the emotional field of two others (Bowen)
Detriangulation
An inappropriate alliance between parent and child, who side together against a third member of the family
Cross-Generational Coalition (Structural)
In Narrative therapy, _____ refers to the therapist exploring level of distress or impact the problem has had on the family and the extent to which the family has been able to stand up to the problem
Mapping the Influence
The leading therapy approach used in the 1980’s
Strategic Therapy
What two theories reject labeling or diagnosing of clients?
Narrative Therapy & Solution-focused therapy