Management Foundations (Chapter 5)
What are the four basic functions of management?
Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
What are the three main types of employee behavior in organizations?
Performance behavior, organizational citizenship, and counterproductive behavior.
What is the difference between management and leadership?
Management focuses on planning and organizing; leadership inspires and motivates people toward goals.
What does “ethics” mean in management?
The moral principles and standards that guide behavior in business.
A small coffee shop owner plans daily schedules, motivates staff, and checks results. Which management functions are being used?
Planning, leading, and controlling.
Which level of management develops long-term goals and strategies?
Top management (executives or senior leaders).
According to Maslow’s hierarchy, what need must be met before self-actualization?
Esteem needs.
Name the five types of power a leader can use.
Legitimate, reward, coercive, referent, and expert power.
What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
A company’s obligation to act in ways that benefit society, not just profits.
An employee volunteers to train new hires without extra pay. What kind of behavior is this?
Organizational citizenship behavior.
What type of manager translates broad strategies into specific objectives?
Middle management.
What does Herzberg’s two-factor theory say about motivation?
Motivators (like achievement and recognition) create satisfaction, while hygiene factors (like pay and work conditions) prevent dissatisfaction.
What is situational leadership?
A theory stating that effective leaders adapt their style based on the readiness and ability of followers.
Give one example of an ethical dilemma a manager might face.
Choosing between cutting costs and maintaining employee safety or job security.
A project manager motivates the team by giving public recognition for hard work. Which motivation theory supports this?
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory — recognition is a motivator.
What are the four key managerial skills every manager needs?
Technical, human relations, conceptual, and decision-making skills.
What is the main idea behind Expectancy Theory?
Motivation depends on how much a person values a reward and believes their effort will lead to it.
Which leadership theory focuses on traits like confidence, honesty, and intelligence?
Trait theory of leadership.
What are the three elements of the Triple Bottom Line approach?
People, planet, and profit.
A company gives bonuses to employees who meet sustainability goals. Which concept does this connect to?
Triple Bottom Line — rewarding social and environmental performance.
Why is organizational culture important in management?
It shapes employee behavior, defines company values, and influences success and productivity.
What’s the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers?
Theory X assumes workers dislike work and need control; Theory Y assumes workers are self-motivated and enjoy responsibility.
What is transformational leadership?
A leadership style that inspires and motivates employees to innovate, take risks, and pursue organizational change.
What is the difference between programmed and nonprogrammed decisions?
Programmed decisions are routine and repetitive; nonprogrammed ones are unique and require creative thinking.
A CEO encourages innovation by letting teams make independent decisions and learn from failure. Which leadership style is this?
Transformational leadership.