Decision Making
A prescriptive approach to give an optimal solution to a problem.
What is the Classical decision making model?
Employee who reports business wrongdoing to the press or government.
What is a Whistleblower?
Herzberg: physical conditions of work; if absent, workers are dissatisfied & unmotivated. If present, workers are neutral.
What are Hygiene factors?
In Operant Conditioning this term means that something is ADDED to the situation to cause a behavior to become MORE likely.
What is positive reinforcement?
Type of group shown on an organizational chart.
What are "command groups"?
An approach that tells HOW people actually make decisions...
What is "Administrative decision making" (or "behavioral decision making")?
People affected by company decisions; includes investors, customers, suppliers, and workers.
What are stakeholders?
The idea from ERG theory that if someone does not satisfy a need, then the person drops back & satisfies a lower need.
What is "frustration-regression"?
When something is no longer reinforced; nor is it punished. The absence of consequences makes the behavior less likely.
What is Extinction (or Extinguishing)?
Term describing "the decreasing effort of each member as the group increases in size."
What is the Ringlemann Effect?
When a person explains another person's failures in terms of internal causes but explains their own failures as due to external causes.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Ethical rule that says decisions should protect fundamental rights of people.
What is the "moral rights" rule (also called "moral idealism")?
Term that says "people like to feel that they have freely chosen their actions."
Self-determination Theory
Jim nagged Joe to complete a late report. The nagging made Joe more likely to complete future reports.
What is negative reinforcement?
When a group works at a steady pace, then suddenly 'increases the pace' and works at that new pace as the deadline approaches.
What is the Punctuated Equilibrium model?
Vivid events, primacy & recency effects, and schema all reflect this.
What is the 'availability heuristic'?
The secretive collection of a competitor's trade secrets.
What is "Economic Espionage" or "Industrial Espionage"?
Hackman & Oldham: variety, task identity, and significance lead to this psychological state.
What is "experienced meaningfulness of work"?
Of all schedules of positive reinforcement, this produces the highest rate of behavior.
What is the Variable Ratio schedule of reinforcement?
One way to reduce "groupthink" where one person is assigned the role of "critical evaluator," critiquing all ideas.
What is "a devil's advocate"?
MBO ERROR: A salesperson had achieved a high goal by chance and the manager set an even higher goal.
What is 'ignoring Regression to the Mean'?
A systematic review of a firm's objectives, strategies, and behaviors in terms of CSR.
What is "a social audit"?
In Vroom's terminology, this refers to probability that performance at a high level will lead to desired rewards.
What is an "instrumentality"?
In Social Learning Theory this term means "practice makes perfect."
What is "Enactive Mastery"?
Type of group decision that may result from "zone of indifference", "diffusion of responsibility" or "passionate advocacy" or "group polarization" effects.
What is "extreme shift" or "group shift" or "risky shift"?