Stress/Anxiety
Benefits of yoga
What is protects from harmful effects of stress?
Role of resilience
What is positive adaptation, ability to maintain or regain mental health despite adversity, and protective factor?
Medications used for alcohol withdrawal
What is chlordiapoxide (Librium; tremulousness, mild-moderate agitation), lorazepam (Ativan; IV for delirium), and diazepam (Valium, IV for seizures, DT)?
First-line treatment for personality disorders
What is psychotherapy?
Length of bereavement exclusion
What is within 2 months of loss of loved one?
Causes of stress and stressors
What is physical (infection, hemorrhage, hunger, pain), psychological (loss of job, death, fear), physiological (trauma, hypo/hyperthermia), and biochemical (drugs)?
Disorder in which the child has no stranger danger
What is disinhibited social engagement disorder?
Reversal agent for opioid overdose; routes of administration
What is naloxone?
What is intranasal, IM, SQ, and IV?
Cluster A PDs
What is paranoid PD (distrust & suspiciousness of others, controlling behaviors, unwillingness to forgive, antisocial)?
What is schizoid PD (expressionless, restricted range of emotions, LIFELONG social withdrawal, victims of bullying, imaginary friends, detachment/depersonalization)?
What is schizotypical PD (severe social + interpersonal deficits, extreme anxiety in social situations, magical thinking, strange speech patterns, inappropriate affect, odd beliefs)?
What is the best nursing intervention for acute grief?
What is listening?
Define and give an example for defense mechanisms (3)
What is regression (returning to primitive or childlike pattern of behavior), undoing (a person makes up for regrettable act/communication), and splitting (cannot integrate positive & negative qualities of others/self in one image)?
Distinguish between depersonalization and derealization
What is uncomfortable feeling of being observer of one's own body/mental process, feeling detached of parts/whole of self, detached from entire self or feelings, thoughts, body parts, or sensation, or feeling of unreality?
What is feeling of feeling that surroundings are unreal/distant, feeling like walking in fog, bubble, or dream, invisible veil separating person from world, visual distortion (blurriness), auditory distortions (muting)?
S/S of alcohol withdrawal
What is tremulousness (6-8 hrs), agitation, N/V, insomnia, elevations in BP, pulse, & temperature, withdrawal seizures (12-24 hrs), alcohol withdrawal delirium (DT; <72 hrs, emergency)
Cluster C PDs
What is Avoidant PD (low self-esteem, poor functioning in social situations, feelings of inferiority, reluctance in engaging with unfamiliar activities w new ppl, sensitivity to rejection, humiliation, & failure, avoidance of new interpersonal relationships or activities, increasing shyness in adolescence or early childhood, feelings of inadequacy, socially inhibited)?
What is Dependent PD (pattern of submissive & clinging behavior, feels the need to be cared for, physical illness/punishment in childhood, vulnerable to exploitation, intense separation anxiety, fear of abandonment, may manipulate others to assume responsibilities like finances)?
What is Obsessive-Compulsive PD (limited emotional expression, first-degree relative, preoccupation w orderliness, perfectionism, & control, may impose own system on others, rigid standards, excessive goal-seeking behavior)?
Models for end-of-life care
What is hospice (pts will die w/in 6 months, starts when survival is not possible, no limits for length of time) and palliative care (optimizes quality of life by anticipating, preventing, & treating suffering, begins at the time of dx)?
Interventions for severe + panic lvl of anxiety
What is maintain calm manner, remain with the patient (safety!!), minimize environmental stimuli, use simple statements, reinforce reality, or assess need for medications or seclusion if interventions are unsuccessful?
S/S associated with DID
What is lost time, gaps in memory, "black outs", unexplained events, being called a different name, and/or not having childhood memories?
Use of methadone, clonidine, and buprenorphine used for opioid withdrawal; be specific
What is methadone (Metahdose, Dolophine) blocks euphoric effects of opiates (heroin, morphine), reduces painful symptoms of withdrawal and is released only by SAMHSA-certified program?
What is clonidine (Catapres) eases sweating, hot flashes, restlessness, decreases anxiety, and shortens detox?
What is buprenorphine produces euphoria/respiratory depression (weaker) and only after 12-24 hrs off of opioids (early stage only)?
Cluster B PDs
What is borderline PD? (uhhh)
What is histrionic PD (females>males, excitable but high functioning, self-centered, impulsiveness, act flirtatiously or provocatively, attention-seeking actions, difficulty maintaining long-term relationships)?
What is narcissistic PD (males>females, weak self-esteem, adolescence-onset, entitlement, exaggerated belief in own importance, lack of empathy, sensitivity to rejection & criticism, intense fear of abandonment & shame, requires constant admiration, antagonism & grandiosity)?
What is antisocial PD (males>females, sociopaths, disregards rights of others increased rate of criminal misconduct or substance abuse, manipulative, wants personal power & pleasure, exploits others, don't GAF abt school/work, callousness--lack of concern for others, no remorse or guilt, superficial affect)?
Risk factors for alcohol abuse in older adults
Bonus: What neurocognitive disorder are older adults at risk for if they abuse alcohol?
What is male, single, less than high school education, low income, cigarette smoking, & depression?
What is alcohol-induced dementia?
Differences between mild, moderate, severe, and panic levels of anxiety
What is mild (heightened field, flexible focus, able to work towards goal), moderate (narrowed field, focused on source of anxiety, can problem-solve but not optimal), severe (greatly reduced & distorted field, detail-focused, problem-solving feels impossible, unable to see connections), or panic (out of touch w reality, depersonalization or derealization, no focus, irrational reasoning)?
Acute stress disorder (ASD), timeframe for dx, and criteria
What is 3 days to 1 month after event?
What is displaying 8 symptoms?
What is feeling of numbness, derealization, inability to remember important aspect(s) of event, intrusive memories of event, recurrent distressing dreams, feeling as though event was recurring, intense prolonged distress, avoidance of thoughts/feelings, sleep disturbances, hypervigilance, irritable/aggressive behavior, exaggerated startle response, or agitation/restlessness?
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Bonus: Which is reversible vs irreversible + treatment?
What is thiamine deficiency (poor nutrition/malnutrition/malabsorption), Wernicke's encephalopathy (altered gait, confusion, ocular motility issues, reversible, treatable by IV thiamine 2-3x daily for 1-2 wks, or progresses to Korsakoff's syndrome), and Korsakoff's syndrome (irreversible, thiamine for 3-12 months)?
What is Wernicke's encephalopathy is reversible? What is Korsakoff's syndrome is irreversible? What is IV thiamine supplementation?
Distinguish between the stages of Alzheimer's disease
What is mild (memory lapses, can still function independently, issues with remembering names or new people, losing or misplacing objects, trouble w planning), moderate (confuses words, frustrated easily, forgetting personal hx, unable to recall address or phone number, confused where they are/day, changes in sleep patterns, restless at night, risk of wandering), and severe (loses ability to control movement, change in personality, difficulty communicating, vulnerable to infections, can't do ADLs)?
5 stages of grief + descriptions
What is denial & isolation (denial is brief reaction, disbelief or shock)?
What is anger (occurs when pts are ready to acknowledge their illness, projected onto others, pts need respect, understanding, attention & time)?
What is bargaining (pt tries to deal w overwhelming feelings of vulnerability & helplessness)?
What is depression (pt can't avoid sense of great loss, pts may prepare themselves for death, reactive pts feel unrealistic guilt)?
What is acceptance (peacefully accepting end of life, times of silence are meaningful)?