Introduction
Define microbiology.
What classifies something as 'micro'?
The study of microscopic organisms.
Micro= .1mm or smaller. "Invisible to the naked eye"
Bacteria and Archaea are _____________ whereas fungi, protozoa, algae, rotifers, and nematodes are examples of ___________ microorganisms.
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Describe some major differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
What structures do each cell type share?
Nuclues vs nucleoid
Complex vs simple structures
Both have cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
How do we study microbiology? (Think M and H)
We use methods: technological/methodical hypotheses and experimentation: Conceptual hypotheses.
What are some early human interactions with microbiology?
What are some connections with food and microbiology?
1. "Unwholesome" air in swamps and marshes (Hippocrates and Romans 400bc)
2. Battlefield experiments regarding where soldiers camped and the rate of disease based on location.
3. Boiling tools yielded better recovery due to sterilization (Egyptians). They knew it worked but not why.
7000bc-beer
Cultured fungus in corn kernels to increase protein.
Many more...
The most pivotal invention in microbiology first invented by Robert Hooke (1665) and later improved by Van Leeuwoenhoek (1675)
Is this an M or H advancement?
Microscope (M)
Louis Pasteur determined that microorganisms could differentiate between different isomers of molecules.
Studied alcohol fermentation vs lactic acid fermentation.
Responsible for disproving spontaneous generation by effective sterilization techniques.
Developed anthrax vaccine.
What are Koch's Postulates?
Koch's postulates are a methodical and experimental advancement that determines pathogenic effects of a certain bacteria. Proves causative relationship between bacteria and disease.
1. Bacteria is present in the sick and not in the healthy.
2. Bacteria is isolated from the infected.
3. Inoculation of a healthy individual triggers disease.
4. Bacteria is re-isolated from newly diseased individual.
__________________ is to physically separate individual cells from each other and/or from matrix materials (soil, water, etc.)
Single cell isolation