Chapter 5
Viruses are best described as:
A. Living organisms that reproduce independently
B. Active or inactive rather than alive or dead
C. Bacteria that lack a cell wall
D. Organisms that contain both DNA and RNA
B. Active or inactive rather than alive or dead
which term refers to the sum total of all microbes found on and within a normal human?
a. microorganism
b. metagenome
c. microbiome
d. cells
c. microbiome
Gram stain reaction is...
A. phenotypic method
B. genotypic method
C. immunologic method
D. all of the above
A. phenotypic method
communication between separate fluid compartments of the body is conducted primary through...
a. nerves
b. capillaries
c. airways
d. blood vessels
b. capillaries
Which cells are primarily responsible for producing antibodies?
A. T cells
B. B cells
C. Macrophages
D. Neutrophils
B. B cells
RNA viruses usually replicate in the:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Cell membrane
D. Golgi apparatus
B. Nucleus
Which of the following factors would promote progression of an infection? (select all that apply)
a. low microbial virulence
b. proper portal of entry
c. genetic profile of host resistance to microbe
d. no previous exposure to the infection
e. host immunosuppression
b. proper portal of entry
d. no previous exposure to the infection
e. host immunosuppression
DNA sequence analysis is...
A. phenotypic method
B. genotypic method
C. immunologic method
D. all of the above
B. genotypic method
A collection of monocytes and macrophages scattered throughout the extracellular spaces that functions to engulf and degrade foreign molecules is called the ________ ________ system (MPS).
mononuclear phagocyte
1. Adaptive immunity is best described as:
A. Present at birth
B. Nonspecific defense
C. Acquired after exposure to antigens
D. Only involving physical barriers
C. Acquired after exposure to antigens
The protein shell that surrounds viral nucleic acid is called the:
Capsid
________ can be characterized as any deviation from the healthy state.
Disease
Antibody perception reaction is...
immunologic method
What are nonspecific host defenses?
first line and second line
T cells mature in the:
Thymus
Capsids are made of repeating protein units called:
A. Ribosomes
B. Capsomeres
Capsomeres
What does polymicrobial mean?
more than one microbe
Preforming assays for the presence of oxidase or to determine susceptibility to antibiotics are _________ methods of bacterial identification.
A. phenotypic method
phenotypic method
Cells of the MPS ________.
Engulf and degrade foreign molecules.
MHC Class I molecules are found on:
all nucleated cells
A fully formed virus that is capable of infecting a host cell is called a:
A. Capsid
B. Virion
Virion
What is the difference between an infection and a disease?
a disease is the actual damage, and an infection is the colonization and multiplication of a microbe in a host
Immunological methods are used to identify microbes when a patient sample is tested for the presence of antibodies to _______.
suspected pathogen
_______ allow for a close association between the fluid compartments of the body, an important part of effective immune responses.
Blood Vessels
Which immunoglobulin is commonly found in mucus, saliva, and tears?
IgA