Vocabulary Showdown
What is the protein coat of a virus called?
Capsid
What is the main method bacteria use to reproduce?
Binary fission
Are viruses living or non-living?
Non-living
Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Why are archaea able to survive in extreme environments?
Specialized enzymes & membranes suited for extremes
What is the scientific naming system that uses two Latin names?
Binomial nomenclature
Name one of the three bacterial shapes.
Cocci, bacilli, spirilla
Name one reason viruses are not considered living.
Cannot reproduce on their own / lack cells / no metabolism
Name one example of a fungus.
Mold, yeast, mushroom
Give one way micro-organisms help humans.
Digestion, antibiotics, food production, decomposition
Define “prokaryote.”
Cell without a nucleus
Why does conjugation increase bacterial diversity?
It exchanges DNA between cells
What happens at the end of the lytic cycle?
Host cell bursts (lysis)
Name an example of a protist.
Amoeba, paramecium, algae
Explain why bacterial infections and viral infections require different treatments.
Bacteria are cells → antibiotics work; viruses aren’t living
What is the name of the bacteria DNA-sharing process?
Conjugation
Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
What is the major difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?
Lysogenic is dormant; lytic destroys cell immediately
How do fungi benefit ecosystems?
Decompose matter / nutrient cycling
Explain why not all micro-organisms are harmful.
Many are beneficial (decomposers, gut bacteria, etc.)
What is a decomposer?
Organism that breaks down dead matter
Draw a simple prokaryotic cell and include 3 correct labels.
Cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, flagellum
Why don’t antibiotics work on viruses?
Viruses have no cell structures; antibiotics target bacteria
Protists are often described as “the leftovers.” What does this mean?
They are diverse eukaryotes not fitting other kingdoms
How do micro-organisms support food webs?
They recycle nutrients, decompose, form base of many food chains