MOA
Mechanism of action of Amphotericin B and Nystatin?
FU: Routes of administration?
Binds ergosterol and crease a pore
FU: IV and topical respectively
(if) Ursula eats some raw batter while making brownies (w/eggs), she is at risk for a bacterial infection that expresses lipopolysaccharides and would gram stain what color?
FU: explain parts of LPS
Pink (gram negative)
FU: Lipid A (binds TLR4)
Core Oligossacharides
O antigen (Ab target)
Which drug can be used to treat both malaria and acne?
FU: Drug class?
FU: Tetracyclin
What is the difference between antigenic mimicry vs antigenic cloaking?
Mimicry= produce proteins that MIMIC hosts
Cloaking= bind host proteins like a CLOAK to disguise self
What is the feeding, motile, and reproductive form of protozoal parasites called?
FU: What is their dormant, non-motile form called?
Trophozoite
FU: Cysts
Most of the antibiotics we learned that target protein synthesis are bacterio____
FU: Which is the exception and why?
Bacteriostatic
FU: Fluoroquinolone- bactericidal (inhibits bacterial topoisomerase)
Mycobacteria (TB) stains red with acid fast stain due to the presence of what in its cell wall?
Mycolic acid
Acyclovir is structurally similar to which nucleotide?
FU: MOA?
Guanine
FU: missing G's bottom ring --> chain termination --> blocks viral DNA synthesis
Why use Dicloxacillin as opposed to Penicillin?
FU: How does this differ from Augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulanate)?
Dicloxacillin is B-lactamase resistant
FU- clavulanate sacrifices itself to B-lactamase so that amoxicillin isn't metabolized as quickly
Why are drug interactions more of a concern with TB treatment?
Because the treatment course is longer (6-9 months) and pts can't stop some medications for that long (ie-statins)
Sulfonamides inhibit which enzyme in the folate synthesis pathway?
FU: Another antibiotic targeting this pathway?
Dihydropteroate (mimics PABA)
FU- Trimethoprim
Why do bacteria want iron so badly and how do they take it?
cofactor!
via hemolysis and siderophores
Why does Oseltamavir (tamiflu) need to be given within 48 hours of flu onset?
FU: what enzyme does it inhibit?
It prevents the spread of new viral particles
FU: neuraminadase (cleaves hemagglutinin from sialic acid to release virus)
Main side effect of Fluconazole?
FU: Name an azole for superficial infections
inhibits CYP450-> drug interactions
FU: Miconazole
A bacterium is cultured on a MacConkey agar plate-turning the agar pink. What does this tell us about the bacterium?
It is a gram negative, lactose fermenter
MOA of Eichinocandins?
FU: What is the suffix for drugs in this category?
FU: -fungin
Which form of viral genetic recombination involves the RNA polymerase switching template strands mid-replication?
FU: Is this done in segmented or non-segmented viruses?
copy-choice recombination
FU: non-segmented
Metronidazole is a prodrug that must be activated by what?
FU: Is this enzyme is more active in aerobic or anaerobic parasites and bacteria?
Ferridoxin
FU: anaeorobic
A patient is administered an antibiotic intravenously and then develops red-man syndrome. What is the antibiotic?
FU: Why did this happen?
Vancomycin
FU: It was administered too quickly- the pt isn't actually allergic
What drugs are involved in TB continuation treatment?'
FU: Goal and length of continuation Tx?
Isoniazid and Rifampin
FU: 4-7 mo, to treat dormant infection
MOA of nevirapine
FU: which disease subtype does it treat?
allosteric HIV RT inhibitor
FU: HIV 1
What parasite is responsible for seizures and headaches due to it forming cysts in the brain and other tissues?
FU: What is this syndrome called?
Taenia Solium- Tapeworm
FU: Cysticercosis
Which drug must be administered for latent malarial infections, which involve the hepatic form?
FU: Which drug is it combined with for a "radical cure"?
Primaquine
FU- Chloroquine (inhibits heme polymerization)
Which two antibiotics have erm methylase resistance?
FU: MOA of each
Clindamycin
Macrolides
FU: They both blocks peptide bond formation
What are the 3 anti helminth drugs we learned?
FU: Why don’t they each kill us?
Pyrantel- not absorbed
Mebendazole- nematode MT specific
Praziquantel- 100% 1st pass metabolism