All organisms require these six elements to live and grow
What are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur.
100
This process requires no energy, but does need a protein carrier. It moves molecules with the concentration gradient (aka from high to low concentration)
What is facilitated diffusion
100
These organisms get both their carbon source and their energy source from other living organisms.
What are heterotrophs
100
water and 34 ATP
What are the final products of the electron transport chain
100
This is a molecule with a sugar, the nitrogenous base adenine and 3 negatively charged phosphate groups, which can easily become hydrolyzed.
What is ATP
200
temperature, pH, moisture, osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, oxygen and carbon dioxide, and other organsims
What are factors that play a role in microbial growth.
200
endocytosis, pinocytosis and phagocytosis are all examples of this method of transport, which requires energy.
What is bulk transport
200
An organic molecule like a vitamin or amino acid that an organism needs for survival but cannot make on its own and must be provided as a nutrient is called a...
What is growth factor
200
These proteins are embedded in the cell membrane of prokaryotes and the mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes. Their job is to pass electrons.
What are cytochromes
200
The krebs/citric acid cycle begins with this very important 3-carbon molecule. It removes a carbon from this molecule, then adds coenzyme A to it, resulting in AcetylCoA.
What is pyruvic acid
300
This is the term for the three temperatures that we use to describe an organisms range and its optimal temp.
What are cardinal temperatures
300
A cell placed into this type of solution will expand and possibly burst.
What is hypotonic
300
This type of organism possesses enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase to neutralize oxygens byproducts, but it can also use anaerobic respiration or fermentation when oxygen isn't available
What is a facultative anaerobe
300
Unlike regulated enzymes, these enzymes are produced all the time. They are usually involved in processes that are very important to the cell, such as glucose metabolism.
What are constitutive
300
This pathway of glucose metabolism involves glycolysis, the krebs cycle and electron transfer, but the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule such as S04 or NO3.
What is anaerobic respiration
400
These organisms can grow at less than 20 degrees C, but they actually prefer temps that are a little higher.
What is Psychrotrophs
400
These organsims secrete enzymes outside to digest dead or decaying matter into small enough pieces that they can enter through the rigid cell wall.
What are saprobes
400
Lag, log, stationary and death
What are the phases of the growth curve
400
Regulated enzymes that begin being produced in response to the presence of a particular substrate are said to be...
What is induced
400
This process involves the incomplete breakdown of glucose. Glycolysis still takes place, but then NAD gives its hydrogen back to pyruvic acid and in doing so, creates ethanol or lactic acid.
What is fermentation
500
These organsims usually prefer temps in the 20-40 degree C range, and are the most likely to be pathogenic.
What are mesophiles
500
With facilitated diffusion, an enzyme can only transport as much of a substrate as it has binding sites for. Then, even if there is more substrate, it cannot move the molecules any faster. This characteristic is known as...
What is saturation
500
These are organic cofactors whose job many times is to remove a chemical group from one substrate and add it to another. The carrier molcecue NAD is an example of these.
What are coenzymes
500
This is one way that a metabolic pathway can be halted by directly altering the enzyme. It involves one active site, a substrate and a molecule that mimics the substrate.
What is competitive inhibition
500
During electron transport chain, hydrogen ions get pumped outside the membrane and cause an electrochemical gradient, where the outside of the membrane is positive and the inside is negative. We call this...