Basic concepts
Provides a first line of defense against colonization of pathogens in the GI tract
What is the mucosal/gut microbiome?
Colonized by partially aerobic bacteria, neutral mucosa and with mostly Strep and lactobacilli.
What is the small intestine?
Traveler's diarrhea, opportunistic, causes release of enterotoxins to cause disease (Hemorrhagic)
What is E.coli?
Antibody found in mucosa in a dimer
IgA
Treatment with ampicillin, infection is mild and self-limited
What is Clostridium difficile?
Place where digestion is initiated
What is the mouth?
Most diverse microbiome found here, water absorption takes place.
What is the large intestine?
Causes bloody stools, enterotoxin is the main driver.
What is Shigella?
Recognizes LPS
What is TLR-4?
Common cause of food poisoning, causes intense vomiting, toxin is heat resistant
What is Staphylococcus aureus
Abnormal fecal discharge characterized by frequent fluid/liquid stools; leads to electrolyte loss
What is diarrhea?
Highly colonized by anaerobic species
What is the colon?
Contaminated rice and soup, forms spores
What is B.cereus?
Receptor for detecting flagellin products
TLR-5
Major antigens are "O" and "H", carriers include poultry and domestic animals.
What is Salmonella?
Inflammation involving the mucosa of both the small and large intestine.
Enterocolitis
You will only find acidic mucosa here
Found in food and water, causes rice-water stool, humans are asymptomatic carriers
What is Vibrio cholerae?
Lymphoid structure found in the small intestine
What are Peyer's Patches?
Gall bladder as a reservoir, causes severe fever and hermorrhage.
What is Salmonella typhi?
Blood and pus in the feces, with pain, fever and abdominal cramps, usually disease of the large intestine
What is dysentery?
Peristalsis takes place here
Esophagous, small and large intestine
Main cause of food poisoning, causes spores that are heat resistant
What is Clostridium perfringens?
Specialized intestinal epithelial cells that sample antigens from the gut lumen
What are M cells?
Spiral shaped bacteria, global cause of foodborne diarrheal illness
What is Campylobacter jejuni?