Chemical Needs
CHONPS stands for?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
Anaerobe vs. Aerobe?
Anaerobes do not require oxygen and will die if exposed to it because they lack key enzymes. Aerobes do require oxygen for survival.
The time needed to double a bacterial population is called _____________.
Generation Time
Yeast will make water when exposed to oxygen and carbon dioxide when there is no oxygen available. This makes it a _______________.
Facultative Anaerobe
A white blood cell forces E. coli into it's "body" for degradation using the active process of _________.
Phagocytosis
Nitrogen is needed in large quantities by bacteria to support cell metabolism. This makes it a _______.
Macronutrient.
The difference between a Thermophile and Extreme Thermophile?
Thermophiles: prefer warm temps, like direct sunlight, around 45C
Extreme Thermophiles: require extreme hot temps, like volcanoes, around 80/121C
Bacteria encounter an optimal environment filled with sugars and carbons. They have a sudden, significant increase in population growth. This is what step of the bacterial growth curve?
Exponential or Log Phase
Strep Throat is caused by bacteria colonizing the human throat in a temperature around 37C, making this bacteria a ________.
Mesophile
Fungi consume carbon produced by a secondary organism, like a decomposing tree. This makes fungi a __________.
Heterotroph (specifically a chemoheterotroph)
Diffusion vs Osmosis?
Both are the movement of molecules. BUT, diffusion is the movement of all molecules and osmosis is specifically the movement of water.
Alkaliphiles prefer?
Alkaline (basic) pHs
In what growth stage will we start to see endospores form?
Death Stage
Fresh water bacteria are moved to the ocean. What will happen next?
The water will leave the bacteria and move into the environment, causing the cell to shrink and enter a hypertonic solution.
Lactobacilli prefer to colonize the human intestines which has low levels of oxygen, making Lactobacilli a(n) __________.
Anaerobe
Bacteria in a hypotonic solution will?
Swell as water moves into the cell body.
Staphylococcus aureus can grow on Mannitol Salt Agar plates, making it a _______.
Halophile.
Turbidity is a measure of?
Population growth based on how "cloudy" or opaque a test tube is.
Endocytosis is a type of active transport meaning it needs: ________ and ________.
ATP (energy source) and Protein Channels.
Toxic hydrogen build-up in a bacterial cell will be broken down with what enzyme?
Catalase
If a plate of bacteria has a high cell density, we can not accurately determine the population. How can we decrease cell density?
Serial Dilutions: moving bacteria through a series of test tubes containing liquid.