Airborne bacterial
What does Bordatella pertussis do?
Release toxins that paralyze ciliated cells in the respiratory tract, causing mucus accumulation (stage 2)
Which influenza is most common and what is its reservoir?
Influenza A, birds
Crops of lesions at different stages is characteristic of what?
Chicken pox (varicella)
A patient returns from Central America looking jaundiced. A possible disease is
Yellow fever
What does HIV infect?
CD4+ helper T cells
What is the treatment for strep pharyngitis? (what if they are allergic to PCN?)
PCN or Erythromycin, if allergic then azithromycin (z-pac)
What causes the major changes in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase?
Antigenic shift
What kind of symptom is present in a patient with measles (rubeola)?
Koplick spots (red patches with white grain-like center along gumline of mouth)
What causes breakbone fever?
Dengue fever
How would you screen and confirm for HIV?
ELISA, if positive then do Western Blot
How do you diagnose tuberculosis (lab and tools)?
‼️Sputum for acid-fast testing‼️
CXR that shows cavitations; PPD test (doesn't mean there is active infection)
Respiratory decompensation is a complication of what disease
SARS
Orchitis (swelling and damage to testes) may develop in males with
Mumps (parotitis)
Which form of hepatitis has a short incubation period?
Hep A aka infectious hepatitis (2-4 wks)
Hep B is long incubation (4-6 weeks)
Hep C (most deadly) causes slow liver cirrhosis
What does diphtheria bacteria look like?
Gram (+) rod that looks like "Chinese letters" or "picket fence" pattern with metachromatic granules
What shows up on CXR for pneumonia
Infiltrates
What does Haemophilus influenzae cause?
Meningitis in children
What do you call the granules in the nucleus of cells infected with herpes
Lipschutz bodies
What congenital infection causes mental retardation?
What two complications are caused by influenza?
Guillain-Barré syndrome: immune system attacks part of PNS
Reye's syndrome: using asprin during viral infection (mainly in children)
Rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and scarlet fever are all complications of which disease?
Strep pharyngitis
Rhinovirus, coronavirus and RSV are common causes of what?
The common cold (RSV mainly seen in children under 1 yrs old)
What causes teratogenic effects to the fetus, including cataracts, glaucoma, deafness and heart defects?
Congenital rubella (german measles)
What are the S/S and DX for infectious mononucleosis (EBV)?
S/S: sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, high count of damaged B-lymphocytes
DX: Paul-Bunnell test (monospot slide test)
What are the three strains of Polio?