probiotics & antibiotics
when was penicillin discovered?
1928
is fermentation an aerobic or anaerobic process?
anaerobic
what are the tail-like things on the end of a bacterial cell called?
flagelli
what is cas9? a. a bacteria, b. an enzyme, c. a nucleotide, or d. a plant
b. an enzyme
what keeps bacteria out of the brain?
blood-brain barrier
who discovered penicillin?
alexander fleming
how many people get food poisoning? a. 1/3, b. 1/5, c. 1/7, d. 1/9
c. 1/7
what is bacterial replication called?
binary fission
in what decade was the crispr/cas9 system first used?
what's the name of the nerve in the gut brain axis?
vagus nerve
what do penicillins target?
cell walls
in both types of fermentation, something is produced from what molecule?
pyruvate
what does lactobacillus do?
digests lactose
what does cas9 do?
cuts the dna
what's a neurodegenerative disease that is impacted by the gut brain axis?
parkinsons, alzheimers
what was used to discover the cause of the plague of Athens?
dental pulp
what are the two kinds of fermentation?
lactic acid, alcoholic
what does bifidobacterium do?
what does crispr do?
leads cas9 to the dna
what does the gut-brain axis regulate?
appetite, metabolism
how many deaths from antibiotic resistant infections in the US per year?
35,000
what is the main vitamin can you get from fermented foods?
b12
what environment do mesophiles thrive in?
mild conditions (around 37 C)
what does crispr stand for?
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
what two systems are connected by the gut-brain axis?
enteric nervous system
central nervous system