Bacterial Cytology
This bacterial morphology would be described as a curved rod shape or macaroni shaped
What is Vibrio?
This is a regulatory protein increases transcription
What is an activator?
This is the process by which vegetative cells transform into endospores
What is sporogenisis?
These are the 3 phases of DNA replication
What is initiation, elongation, and termination?
This is the most useful widely used antimicrobial agent
What is penicillin?
This method is used to penetrate the mycolic acid layer
What is acid fast staining? (if you said Ziehl-Neelsen method that is 300 points extra)
In the lac operon, when lactose is present and glucose is low, this is inactive
What is the repressor?
These are small amounts of specific organic compounds essential for growth that the organism is unable to synthesize from available nutrients
What are growth factors?
(THIS IS WORTH TRIPLE)
This eukaryotic DNA polymerase is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication
What is Polymerase gamma(poly Y)?
When allergic to penicillin, this is often used instead
What is Erythromycin?
This enzyme hydrolyzes the bond between N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid
(THIS IS WORTH DOUBLE)
What is a Lysozyme?
These elements are conjoined to the genes whose activity they control or modulate
What is Cis-active regulatory sequences?
This is a chemically defined (synthetic) medium in which the exact chemical composition is known
What is defined media?
This disease portrays the rapid appearance of features associated with aging, onset after puberty, and people tend to live into their late 40's to 50's
What is Warner syndrome?
This is metabolized in the liver and active against almost all strict anaerobes
What is Metronidazole?
This substance is used to set or stabilize stains of dyes
What is Mordant? (Iodine)
These are plasmids that can integrate into the host chromosome
What are episomes?
ROS (reactive oxygen species) are broken down by these 3 main enzymes(Obligate anaerobes lack these enzymes)
What is Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase?
These are resolved by DNA gyrase and are linked as daughter DNA molcules
what are concatemers?
This drug acts by interfering with the synthesis of chemicals needed to form the plasma membrane of fungi, resulting in a leakage of cell contents and death
What is Fluconazole?
This is used to stain inclusion bodies
What is Giemsa stain?
These are the 5 types of plasmids
These are the 4 phases of the bacterial growth curve
(Worth double IF you can describe what happens in each phase)
1) Lag phase- no increase in bacterial cells, cells are gearing up for the next growth phase
2 Log phase- exponential increase in number of living bacterial cells
3) Stationary phase- decreased growth rate, cells become swollen, production of secondary metabolites; rate of cell division and death are equal
4) Death(decline) phase- cells die in great numbers, dying cells exceeds number of dividing cells
This inhibitor of DNA replication causes covalent cross-linking
(WORTH DOUBLE)
What is mitomycins?
The bacteriostatic activity is measured in terms of this
What is MIC?