Parts of a Cell
Which type of cell contains chloroplasts and cell walls?
Plant cells
What does the "G" in G1 and G2 stand for?
Growth
Name the two main steps of DNA Replication.
Initiation and Synthesis
Transcription is where DNA is read into _________.
RNA
Which macromolecule are the "workers" of the cell?
Proteins
Which organelle contains DNA?
Nucleus
What happens in the M Stage of The Cell Cycle?
Mitosis (cell division)
What phase of the Cell Cycle does DNA Synthesis happen in?
S phase
Translation is where ______ codons produce ______________.
RNA, proteins or amino acids.
What is a gene?
A section of DNA.
In what organelle do RNA codons produce amino acids chains (proteins)?
Ribosomes
In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes condense?
Prophase
What is the function of DNA Polymerase?
Adds nucleotides (complementary pairs) to each unzipped strand to result in two identical DNA strands (during synthesis).
Define synthesis.
To build, construct, or create.
Which macromolecule includes DNA and RNA?
Nucleic Acids
In which organelle does cellular respiration occur, producing energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the midline of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the function of the enzyme DNA Helicase?
Unzips the DNA strand during initiation.
A chain of amino acid monomers is called a _____________. (the answer is not protein)
Polymer
Polypeptide chain
Which macromolecules stores energy for the long-term as fat?
Lipids
What is the function of lysosomes?
Digestion; they break down toxins and chemicals that the cell doesn't need.
What major event happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids get pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
Enzymes act as catalysts. What is a catalyst?
A chemical that increases the speed of a chemical reaction.
Describe a codon.
A three-letter nucleotide "word" that codes for one amino acid.
If scientists find a piece of evidence that contradicts a scientific theory, could we still call it a theory?
No, it would just be a hypothesis that needs further testing. A theory is the highest standard we have in science.