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BAC 101
VIR 101
PARA-MYC 151
BAC 201
VIR 201
100
A 9-year-old girl is brought to your pediatric clinic with a very sore throat, marked fever (30ºC), and a headache. Vital signs are normal except for the fever. The child’s throat is highly erythematous, with a moderate amount of exudate. Noticeable cervical lymphadenopathy is the only other significant finding. Given the likely diagnosis of this case, which of the following tests would be most helpful (and sensible) to run first? A. Gram stain of a throat swab specimen B. Culture of a throat swab specimen C. PCR screen for common respiratory viruses D. Rapid streptococcal antigen test E. Latex agglutination assay
What is Rapid streptococcal antigen test
100
Co-receptor for HIV’s gp120. Quantity of these cells less than 200,000 indicates later stages in disease progression
What is What is CXCR4 (T-cells)
100
Which of the following is the surface glycoprotein of the Leishmania spp. that that both activates complement (leading to C3b deposition on the parasite surface) and inhibits complement action (by preventing membrane attack complex insertion into the parasite membrane)? a. gp63 b. lipophosphoglycan c. fibronectin d. ATPase
What is lipophosphoglycan
100
A six-year-old child with a severe throat infection is brought to the family physician. Visual inspection of her throat reveals a leathery, grayish-colored layer of dead cells, bacteria, lymphocytes, and fibrin that covers the tonsils, uvula, and palate. Attempts to dislodge this material cause the underlying tissues to bleed. The infection has been going on for a week (the child’s mother didn’t think it was serious at first), and the child now has a cardiac arrhythmia. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her throat infection? A. Bacillus cereus B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis C. Streptococcus pneumoniae D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
What is Corynebacterium diphtheriae
100
Viral protein target of Amantadine, which results in blocked viral uncoating
What is M2
200
A 6-year-old child has a skin infection that is producing pustules that eventually rupture and crust over. A Gram stain of the exudate from one of the pustules indicates the presence of Gram-positive cocci. Tests done on a sample sent to the lab indicate that the cocci are catalase positive and coagulase positive. Which of the following bacteria is the most likely cause of this skin infection? A. Enterococcus faecalis B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Staphylococcus epidermidis D. Staphylococcus saprophyticus E. Streptococcus pyogenes
What is Staphylococcus aureus
200
Virus indicated in the characteristic opportunistic AIDS disease Kaposi’s Sarcoma
What is Human Herpes Virus 8
200
Which of the following is a cutaneous fungal infection caused by Malassezia furfur that is characterized by lesions consisting of groups of macules of all sizes, lighter or darker than surrounding skin, with a fine peripheral scale? a. Tinea versicolor b. Tinea nigra c. Tinea cruris d. Tinea pedis
What is Tinea versicolor
200
A 45-year-old otherwise healthy man presents with a 2 day history of severe chills, fever, productive cough with blood in the sputum, and chest pain. A chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. A sputum Gram-stain shows Gram-positive cocci in pairs and short chains. A negative stain shows encapsulated bacteria. The organism grows on blood agar, produces alpha hemolysis, and is catalase negative. Which of the following bacteria is the most likely cause of this disease? A. Bacillus cereus B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis C. Streptococcus pneumoniae D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae
200
Host animal for the virus responsible for sudden pulmonary edema and death within days in Four Corners region of the US.
What is deer mouse
300
A 63-year-old man undergoes surgery in which he receives an artificial heart valve. Six months later, he develops symptoms of endocarditis, which leads to mechanical heart failure. Emergency surgery is performed and it is found that abscesses have formed along the suture line where the artificial valve was attached to the native heart tissue, causing the valve to separate from the heart tissue at that location. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent of this patient’s condition? A. Staphylococcus epidermidis B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. Streptococcus pneumoniae E. Streptococcus agalactiae
What is Staphylococcus epidermidis
300
Vaccine type that elicits a local IgA response
What is a live vaccine
300
A 35-year-old male South American farm worker presents with a systemic fungal infection. The yeast phase, seen in the tissue, has a characteristic “pilot’s wheel” appearance. What is the diagnosis? a. Paracoccidioidomycosis b. Histoplasmosis c. Blastomycosis d. Tuberculosis
What is Paracoccidioidomycosis
300
A 60-year-old migrant farm worker complains of having had a cough and fever for the past two months. Vital signs are T = 40C, P = 85/min, RR = 17/min, and BP = 125/85 mmHg. A chest X-ray reveals bilateral upper lobe opacifications with cavitation. A Gram stain of a sputum sample is inconclusive. An acid fast stain of the sputum sample is positive. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent of this man’s disease? A. Bacillus anthracis B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis C. Streptococcus pneumoniae D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis
300
Structural protein of Rhinoviruses responsible for receptor binding and creation of a pore for genome passage.
What is VP1
400
Which of the following terms best describes a class of bacterial virulence factors that nonspecifically activates many different types of T-cells, thereby triggering a life-threatening release of large amounts of interleukins 1 and 2? A. A-B toxins B. Exotoxins C. Cytotoxic enzymes D. Adhesins E. Superantigens
What is Superantigens
400
Genome type for the virus responsible for the clinical presentation of fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, photophobia, and Koplik spots
What is (-) ssRNA? The virus is paramyxovirus causing measles.
400
From which of the following locations might an individual infected by Blastomyces dermatitidis come? a. The Nile River Valley b. The San Joaquin Valley c. The Ohio River Valley d. The Thames River Valley
What is The Ohio River Valley
400
Severe sepsis develops in a 12-year-old, hospitalized leukemia patient. An aerobic Gram-negative rod is isolated from the blood which is oxidase-positive and produces a greenish color in the agar. The causative agent is: A. Actinomyces israelii B. Burkholderia cepacia C. Corynebacterium diphtheriae D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa
400
Virus that causes typical “seal bark” cough in afflicted infants
What is Parainfluenza virus (Croup)
500
A 16-year-old boy works on his uncle’s farm during the summer. One day he decides to taste some of the raw milk after milking the goats. Two months later, the boy has malaise, chills, sweats, weakness, fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias, and some weight loss. He has an intermittent fever that comes and goes on a daily cycle. On physical examination, he has extensive tender lymphadenopathy, along with splenomegaly. A biopsy of bone marrow reveals the presence of noncaseating granulomas. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY cause of this patient’s disease? A. Borrelia burgdorferi B. Pasteurella pestis C. Francisella tularensis D. Brucella abortus E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis F. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum G. Brucella melitensis
What is Brucella melitensis
500
A 38-year-old G3 P2 woman gives birth at 35 weeks gestation to an infant male noted to have marked generalized hydrops fetalis. The mother did not note any significant problems during the pregnancy, except for a mild facial skin rash in the second trimester. The infant has no congenital anomalies noted on physical examination. Laboratory studies show that the infant's hemoglobin is 7.6 g/dL with hematocrit 23.1%. With what virus was the mother likely infected during the pregnancy?
Parvovirus
500
Following inhalation, arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis convert into what form in the lung that, when mature, produces endospores? a. Conidia b. Mold c. Erythema nodosum d. Spherule
What is Spherule
500
Which of the following substances is a unique feature of the cell walls of mycobacteria? A. calcium dipicolinate B. chitin C. ipoarabinomannan D. murein E. sterols
What is ipoarabinomannan
500
Genome type for virus whose genetic drift results in the need for updated yearly vaccines
What is segmented (-) RNA