Basic Chemistry
What are the 3 main parts of an atom?
Proton, neutron, electron
Why is water called a "polar" molecule?
Because it has partial charges
What part of the cell controls all functions?
Nucleus
What is the main job of carbohydrates?
Provide energy
What charge does a proton have?
What kind of bond holds water molecules together?
Hydrogen bonds
What organelle is the “powerhouse” of the cell?
Mitochondria
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What’s a polar covalent bond?
Is when electrons are shared unequally
What does “hydrophilic” mean?
Water-loving (dissolves in water)
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies and ships proteins
What macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
What does “electronegativity” mean?
The ability of the atom to attract electrons
Why is ice less dense than liquid water?
Water expands when frozen
What is the role of the cytoskeleton?
Supports cell shape and movement
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What makes an isotope different from another atom?
Different number of neutrons
How does water help maintain temperature in organisms?
It absorbs heat due to high specific heat
Name 2 organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Chloroplasts, cell wall
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution? Why?
Water leaves the cell by osmosis, causing it to shrink (crenate), because the outside has a higher solute concentration.