Microbes
5 Types of Microorganisms
What are:
Bacteria, Algea, Protozoa, Helminths, and Viruses
Characteristics present within ALL bacterial cells
What are cytoplasmic membrane, nucleoid, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
Structures of ALL Eukaryotic cells
What are ribosomes, cytosol, lysosome, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, intermediate filament, microtubule, actin filaments, cell membrane, nuclear membrane with pores, nucleus, nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is a capsid?
Give an example of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide
What is glucose, maltose, and glycogen?
Bacteria that causes gastric ulcers
What is Helicobacter pylori?
Conjugation using this structure occurs only between compatible gram-negative cells, which involves transferring DNA from one cell to another
Pilus
Long threadlike cells found in the bodies of fungi of the filamentous type
What are hyphae?
A 3-D, 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners with the arrangement of capsomeres varying from one virus to another
Endotoxin that stimulates fever and shock reactions
What is Lipid A?
His contributions included: making vaccines for Cholera and Anthrax through attenuated/weakened viruses AND fermentation and pasteurization
Who is Louis Pasteur?
5 shapes of bacteria and one example of each
What are Coccus (Staphylococcus), Bacillus (Legionella pneumophilia), Vibrio (Vibrio vulnificus), Spirillum (Campylobacter jejuni), and Spirochete (Lyme Disease)?
Three categories of fungal infections in humans
What are community-acquired infections, hospital-acquired infections, and opportunistic infections?
Phases of viral replication
What are absorption, penetration/uncoating, sythesis, assembly, and release?
The host in which adulthood and mating of a helminth occurs is the definitive host, whereas the _______ host is where larval development occurs
What is intermediate?
Sugar, phosphate, and Nitrogen containing base
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
Contains an outer membrane consisting of lipopolysaccharides
What is the main differentiation between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Reproductive strategies of fungi
What are asexual spores (sporangiospores or conidia) form by mitotic division of a single parent cell, and sexual spores (i.e. fertile hyphae) by fusing two parental nuclei followed by meiosis
Type of virus that permanently alters its genetic material, leading to cancer
Ocogenic
4 examples of RNA viruses
What are:
Picornaviridae (Hep A)
Coronaviridae (SARS 2-COVID 19)
Orthomyxoviridae (Flu)
Retoviridae (HIV)
Compound (adenine, ribose, and three phosphates) that gives off energy when the bond is broken between the second and third phosphate
What is ATP?
4 steps of gram-staining
What are crystal violet (stains all cell walls purple), Gram's iodine (stabilizer), alcohol (removes dye from peptidoglycan layer of the gram-negative cells), safranin (dyes the now colorless gram-negative cells red)
Classification of protozoa (based on their motility)
Ameoboid using Pseudopods-Sarcodina
Ciliated- Ciliophora
Flagellated- Mastigophora (Giardia)
Gliding-Sporozoa (malaria, toxoplasmosis)
3 examples of DNA viruses
What are:
Herpesviridae (Herpes simplex 1 &2, Varicella)
Papoviridae (HPV)
Herpadnaviridae (Hep B)
The condition in which the host chromosome carries the bactiophage DNA, and allows the virus to spread without killing the host
What is lysogeny?