Eukaryotic Anatomy
This structure contains the DNA of a eukaryotic cell and is surrounded by a membrane.
Nucleus
This is the region where the DNA of a prokaryotic cell is located.
Nucleoid
This scientist developed the Gram staining technique.
Hans Christian Gram
The 3 major groups of interest that cause disease in domain eukarya are...
Protozoans, Fungi, and Helminths
Unlike eukaryotic cells, these cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Prokaryotes
Unlike smooth ER, this organelle has ribosomes attached to its surface.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
This structure can help a bacterial cell attach to surfaces and can protect it from drying out.
After Gram staining, bacteria with thick peptidoglycan cell walls appear this color.
purple
List 3 traits that define protozoans.
Could be
-eukaryotic
-single-celled
-no cell wall
-motility (cilia, flagella)
-requires moist environments
Unlike Gram-positive bacteria, these bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing LPS.
Gram negative bacteria
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport throughout the cell.
Golgi Complex (Apparatus)
These short, hairlike structures help bacteria attach to surfaces.
Fimbriae
This reagent acts as a mordant by locking onto the primary dye and forming a complex that becomes trapped in thick cell walls.
Iodine
If you have ever had athlete's foot, what is too blame?
A fungus (mycoses is also acceptable)
What is the difference between Gram + and Gram - bacteria?
Gram Positive: Peptidoglycan is the thick, outermost layer of their bacterial cell wall. About 90% of cell wall is made of peptidoglycan.
Gram Negative: Cell wall is more chemically complex, thinner and less compact. Peptidoglycan only 5 – 20% of the cell wall. Peptidoglycan is not the outermost layer, but between the plasma membrane and the outer membrane.
These small membrane-bound structures can transport materials within a eukaryotic cell.
Vesicles
These structures are involved in bacterial attachment and can also be involved in transferring genetic material between cells.
Pili
This type of bacterium has a thick peptidoglycan layer and turns purple after Gram staining.
Gram-+
How do helminths infect their hosts?
Larvae penetrate skin of foot, ride the lymph system to the right side of heart, and pumped into lungs, are coughed up, and are then swallowed. Enter digestive system, and mature into adult worms in small intestines.
List 3 diseases that can be caused by prokaryotic microorganisms.
1. syphilis
2. chlamydia
3. UTIs
4. Anthrax
According to this theory, mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotic cells that became incorporated into larger cells.
endosymbiotic theory
Some bacteria survive harsh conditions by producing this dormant structure, allowing them to survive conditions such as boiling.
Endospores
1. crystal violet
2. iodine
3. decolorizer
4. safranin
What disease is caused by an opportunistic fungal pathogen?
Aspergillosis - can cause allergic reaction, pulmonary mass, systemic infection...
What diseases caused by prokaryotic microorganisms are STDs?
chlamydia, syphilis