Intro To Microbes
Define Microbiology.
The study of microbes/microorganisms.
Ecological Nutrient Cycling.
The conversion of essential elements into useable forms.
Example: Humans cannot break down cellulose, however the bacteria in the stomachs of other animals like cows can. If a human eats parts of the cow, they absorb the broken down cellulose.
The vast majority of microorganisms that associate with humans.
Harmless.
Taxonomic categories beginning with the most general and ending with the smallest and most specific.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Hint: Did Karen Pour Clorox On Father's Good Shirt
Types of microorganisms.
Bacteria, Archaea, Protozoa, Fungi, Helminths, Viruses, and Algae.
Uses of microbes by humans.
*Food production: yeasts, cheese
*Antibiotic production: penicillin, neosporin
*Mining: copper
*Waste water treatment
Pathogens.
Any agent that causes disease.
Domain Eukarya.
Contains all eukaryotic cells:
*Fungi
*Protozoa
*Helminths
3 cell types of microorganisms.
Eukaryotes, Bacteria, Archaea.
Genetic engineering.
Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals to create new products or genetically modified organisms.
Emerging diseases.
New diseases gaining attention, such as
*Zika
*AIDS
*Hepatitis C
Domain Bacteria.
Contains typical, unicellular prokaryotic bacteria.
Cell wall contains peptidoglycan.
Prokaryotes.
*Bacteria, and Archaea
*Unicellular
*No true nucleus
Recombinant DNA.
Transferring genetic material from one organism to another and deliberately alter DNA.
Re-emerging Diseases
Older diseases that are coming back into view, such as:
*Measles
*Tuberculosis
*Plague
Domain Archaea.
Unicellular prokaryotes.
Cell wall is absent, or lacks peptidoglycan.
Found in extreme environments.
Eukaryotes.
*Includes Protozoa (unicellular), Fungi (uni- or multicelular), Helminths (multicellular), and Algae (can be uni- or multicellular).
*True nucleus.
Bioremediation.
Using microbes to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants.
Example: Microbes were introduced to the water after the BP oil spill to break down the pollutants.
Reasons for re-emerging diseases.
Human actions such as:
*Deforestation
*Industrial farming techniques
*Chemical and antibiotic overusage
Binomial Nomenclature.
The scientific name, which is a combination of the genus and species names. Abbreviate 1st word.
Example: Escherichia coli= E. coli
Scientific names are italicized when they are printed and underlined when they are handwritten.
Example: E. coli