Enzyme basics
All of the chemical reactions occurring in a cell.
metabolism
An inhibitor that occupies the active site.
competitive inhibitor
Cellular respiration begins with this molecule
glucose
List the 3 stages of aerobic respiration in order.
2. Kreb's cycle
3. ETC
This pathway breaks molecules down and releases energy; its partner builds molecules and uses energy.
Catabolism
An inhibitor that binds elsewhere on the enzyme and changes the active site's shape.
Noncompetitive (allosteric) inhibitor
This stage splits glucose in the cytoplasm and nets 2 ATP per glucose
glycolysis
Cells switch to what kind of respiration when oxygen is not present?
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
Enzymes speed reactions by lowering this energy barrier.
Activation energy
All active sites are occupied, so adding more substrate no longer speeds the reaction.
Saturation
Before the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is oxidized into this molecule
Acetyl coA
Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism
Catabolism: breaking molecules down — releases energy
Anabolism: building molecules up — uses energy
The protein portion of an enzyme, inactive by itself — add its nonprotein partner and you get the holoenzyme.
apoenzyme
A pathway's end product switches off an enzyme early in the same pathway.
feedback inhibition
Name all four products of one Krebs cycle turn, with their counts
3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, 1 ATP, and 2 CO₂
This is what happens to an enzyme placed in an extremely hot, acidic solution.
Denaturation
Name all three parts of the enzyme diagram: the molecule being acted on, the region it binds, and the temporary combined structure.
Name both inhibition types, and state which one extra substrate can overcome
Competitive and noncompetitive. Competitive can overcome when there is more substrate added than inhibitor
Complete the path: glucose → ___ → pyruvate → ___ → Krebs cycle → ___
glycolysis, acetyl CoA, and the electron transport chain
What is the maximum ATP yield per glucose for aerobic respiration?
38 ATP