Chapter 1
A Domain of early, small microorganisms lacking a clear nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
What are Prokaryotes?
A hereditary molecule composed of deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases.
What is DNA?
A technique in which the cells on a slide will appear clear or translucent, with the background/border taking up color.
What is a negative stain?
An arrangement of round shaped bacterial cells in clusters.
What is staphylococci?
Unique internal cellular structure containing thylakoids, granum, and stroma.
What is a chloroplast?
He used swan necked flasks with nutrient broth to demonstrate "germ theory," proving that microbes in the air (not the air itself) cause decay and contamination.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
The capacity to form chemical bonds; determined by number of electrons an atom has to lose or share.
What is valence?
A common type of differential stain, in which a stain, decolorizer, then counterstain is used to help distinguish microorganisms.
What is a Gram Stain?
When environmental conditions once again favor growth, an endospore absorbs water and swells, bursting open and releasing this type of cell; which is the metabolically active form.
What is a vegetative cell?
Two eukaryotic organisms studied in microbiology that do not always require microscopy.
What are fungi and algae?
The formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things
What is taxonomy?
This type of bond forms between atoms with complementary valences: an atom that can readily give up and electron and an atom that can readily accept an electron. An example: Na+ plus Cl(-) combining to form NaCl.
What is an ionic bond?
This is the method of choice for most inoculations.
What is the streak plate method?
Cells in domain Archaea lack this integral component of other bacterial cell walls, with some lacking cell walls altogether.
What is peptidoglycan?
This type of infection (often a mycosis) is increasing in incidence due to advancing medical technology that can keep immunocompromised patient alive for longer.
What is an opportunistic infection?
These are grouped with microbes, but are not true cells.
What are viruses?
This type of bonding does not involve sharing, transferring, or losing electrons, but rather is due to attractive forces between nearby atoms and molecules.
What is hydrogen bonding?
This type of media contains one or more ingredients that inhibit the growth of some microbes but not others.
What is selective media?
Protein synthesis molecules that are 70S in size.
What are prokaryotic ribosomes?
This type of eukaryote may have a pseudopod as its means for locomotion.
What is a protozoa?
An area of study that is concerned with the occurrence of disease in human populations.
What is epidemiology?
The polarity of the water molecule causes it to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, but it can also interact readily with charged or polar molecules.
What is a characteristic of water that contributes to it's role as a universal solvent?
Examples of these are capsular of flagellar stains., designed to bring out distinctive cell features.
What are structural stains?
An internal prokaryotic cell structure that contains fragments of genetic material.
What is a plasmid?
The process by which many intestinal protozoans can be transmitted easily via contaminated food or water.
What is encystment?